The Discovery of Ardipithecus Kadabba, the Oldest Hominid :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

The Discovery of Ardipithecus Kadabba, the Oldest Hominid During an exhuming in the center Awash Region of Ethiopia, Haille-Sellaise uncovered six primate teeth. These were from the outset thought to be the fossilized teeth of Ardipithecus Ramidus. The teeth have now been resolved to be from the late Miocene, and those of Ardipithecus Kadabba. These are the most seasoned primate stays found, until this point in time. Upon prior delves in this locale somewhere in the range of 1997 and 2000, Haille-Sellasie found a previous tooth and pieces of an arm bone. These remaining parts were first idea to be those having a place with â€Å"Ardipithecus Ramidus Kadabba, a subspecies of a more youthful hominid† (Science Daily). Nonetheless, after the further ongoing teeth disclosures it has been emphatically clear that these have a place with Ardipithecus Ramidus. The primate has enough proof to be its own species instead of a subspecies of Ardipithecus Ramidus Kadabba, as prior idea. This might imply that â€Å"The new fossils show the most crude canines at any point found among hominids† (Science Daily). Much can be told about the way of life of a creature through the wear and obtained state of their teeth. On account of Ardipithecus Kadabba this involves this species might be the main dissimilarity from the chimpanzee line. â€Å"In the primates, the upper canine is persistently sharpened against the lower third premolar to keep it sharp. Human canines do not have this function† (Sanders). What is assembled from this data is that the teeth of Ardipithecus Kadabba might be that of the most seasoned known primates, and the first to diverge from chimpanzees. Likewise a ramifications might be that â€Å"the recently advanced primates were living in drastically extraordinary, less serious social structure than found in current chimps† (Sanders). The sharp canine would most likely be utilized to harm, and in battles between guys in wants to dazzle females. In today’s chimps the way that Ardipithecus Kadabba (as firmly identified with chimpanzees as it may be) comes up short on this component is a marker of this. The Ardipithecus Kadabba is believed to be a bipedal primate. â€Å"Bipediality includes a huge and complex arrangement of anatomical attributes and is definitely not a dichotomous character† (Haille-Selassie, Suwa, White). The way that these primates started to stroll on two feet might be ascribed to an expanding male job in carting away spring just as gathering food.

Categories of Computer Crimes free essay sample

PC violations are crimes that include utilizing a PC and a system to increase unapproved access with the purpose of erasing, adjusting, or harming PC information. Because of them being incredibly flexible, setting up criminal and noncriminal conduct when being used can be troublesome now and again. â€Å"According to the U. S. Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, by 2000 in excess of 300 million clients around the world got to the World Wide Web. Of those, in any event 1 million were occupied with unlawful Internet exercises (PC wrongdoing or digital wrongdoing). Digital violations incorporate Internet-related fabrication, theft, misrepresentation, vandalism, and the removal of taken merchandise. The potential danger to the general improvement of web based business was seriousâ€so much that online security consumptions were relied upon to twofold to $30 billion in 2004† (Computer Crime †Definitions). The four most basic classes of PC violations are foundation assaults, mechanical help, data assaults, and advancement. Due to digital assaults on basic foundation organizations being on the ascent, I accept this presents the best danger right now. We will compose a custom exposition test on Classifications of Computer Crimes or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It permits harm to be done to administrations, offices, and authoritative structures required for society to work. The most surely understand occasion that caused unadulterated pulverization was the 9/11 assaults on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. So as to forestall more occurrences occurring, all non-military planes were grounded and there was a lot of reaction from law requirement and clinical salvage. This has gone past only an administration issue; there is a requirement for private associations to get required too. The FBI needs to keep working intimately with different offices and in particular, the proprietors administrators of foundations. More effort, useful sites, and preparing should be actualized too. â€Å"Information innovation has assumed an extraordinary job in the development of organized psychological oppressor gatherings, for example, al Qaeda and Jemmah Islamiyiah† (Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, Holt, 2011, p. 27). In spite of the fact that this made their odds of being found more noteworthy, imparting through the web is a simple and successful approach to encourage an assault. There are numerous apparatuses generally accessible that are destructive and don't require a high level of specialized expertise. Any endeavor to take, or increase unapproved access to utilize it, is known as a data assault. Albeit less ruinous, it can in any case bring about significant harms or misfortune. In the innovation field, this has added a ton of strain to software engineers so as to make increasingly viable protections. It is significant that clients consistently update infection insurance to guard their information from infections. Programmers will attempt to take a few to get back some composure of individual information, for example, a government disability number, or even money related data. For fear based oppressors, the web is generally utilized for promulgation and enrollment purposes. In the repercussions of the fear based oppressor assaults in USA, September 11, 2001, as the U. S. - drove counter was developing, different news media was revealing the â€Å"propaganda battle†, on the two sides, in any event, utilizing those words. (For instance, in UK, there was the Channel 4 news that referenced it at any rate once on October 8, 2001 in their 7pm communicate, while Sky News expressed comparable things on October 9, 2001 in their 10:30pm broadcast)† (Shah, 2007). Receptacle Laden utilized publicity to ingrain contempt and to persuade his perspectives to the Muslim world, while western promulgation needed to fight back by remedying those deceptive proclamations. Consistently, innovation assumes an expanding job in the criminal equity by offering new chances and difficulties. It progresses the world alongside the criminal equity framework, making violations harder to execute. This association will keep on testing us with respect to how data is transformed into information, which utilizes this information and what the objects are. Taking everything into account, there has been a great deal of commitment to expanded wrongdoing, and the trouble in recognizing and tackling wrongdoing. I trust that society will perceive the reality of PC wrongdoing and request more cut off disciplines for such hoodlums.

The Role of Fate in Oedipus the King – Essay Sample

Oedipus the King was composed by Sophocles and was is titled Oedipus Rex in Latin. It is one of the most notable Greek disasters. Similar to the case with Greek tragediesâ€or generally most catastrophes that advance toward stageâ€fate assumes a key job in the occasions in Oedipus the King. The play is additionally the starting point of the term â€Å"Oedipus complex. † Fate as Antagonist The essential opponent in this story is destiny. Most disasters where destiny is the driving subject the characters in its web all endeavor to escape it.Unfortunately destiny can’t be stayed away from and in the event that it is courted disaster will typically render a far more terrible end for endeavoring to deny it of its will. Laius’ Fate Apollo reveals to Laius that he and Jocasta would have a child that would slaughter him. At the point when Oedipus is conceived, Jocasta sends Oedipus to his own destiny and leaves him on a mountainside to kick the bucket. Jocasta endea vors to swindle destiny by getting rid of her child to spare her better half, yet Oedipus is found by a shepherd who saw the entire thing and raised by King Polybus.Laius’ destiny comes when he hijacks the child of King Pelops and essentially indicated little regard for Pelops’ neighborliness thusly. The Fate of Thebes Oedipus sends Creon to the sanctuary of Apollo to make sense of what will happen to Thebes and how to get rid of the plague. Destiny is enticed here by the Oedipus endeavoring to end the plague when it isn't his place to do as such. Apollo reveals to Oedipus that he will wind up murdering his dad and taking his mom. Oedipus accepts he will wind up executing King Polybus. Oedipus’ Fate Teiresiasâ€Apollo’s daze prophetâ€tells Creon of Oedipus’ fate.Oedipus is occupied with attempting to discover the killer of Laius. Teiresias enigmatically reveals to Oedipus the idea of his marriage, yet Oedipus doesn’t decipher the import ance in Teiresias’ words. He discloses to Oedipus that the disgrace of his relationship will realize ruin and that the put-down Oedipus provides for him will be returned because of his deed. Oedipus sets himself up for ruin further when he spurns Teiresias’ word and says he has no exceptional ability.As prophets are essentially the mouth of the divine beings and do their directâ will, Oedipus is in a way submitting impiety. The incitement drives Teiresias toâ€again crypticallyâ€tell Oedipus that he is very level balance with his kids and that reality with smash him. At the point when Oedipus transfers the occasions to his significant other, she advises him to overlook the prescience and that Apollo’s prediction didn’t hold up as she accepted that her better half was murdered by a scoundrel. Strands of Fate Tied Up Oedipus discovers that Polybus doesn’t bite the dust at his hands, yet of regular causes so it appears the prescience didnâ€℠¢t come true.However, Laius is murdered by Oedipus when the two contended over who had the option to proceed on a street. Neither one of the men perceived the other. Oedipus weds Jocasta, widow of Laius making his both spouse and child to her and father and sibling to his kids. Oedipus gets some answers concerning the genuine nature from a shepherd, discovers his better half Jocasta who had hung herself, took her gems and crushed them at him. Oedipus winds up visually impaired and down and out and his kids reviled by being the result of interbreeding.

Alternatives to Incarceration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Options in contrast to Incarceration - Assignment Example Also, numerous a period adolescent guilty parties engage in brutal violations in jail offices that reduce their ability and potential for restoration (Coyle, 2005). An option in contrast to imprisonment relates to any discipline that can be stretched out to an adolescent guilty party, as opposed to restricting one to jail. Throughout the years the network based options in contrast to adolescent imprisonment have indicated a lot of guarantee. Network revisions happen to be one such elective which permits the adolescent guilty parties to stay inside the network while putting cutoff points to their opportunity and the open doors available to them (Jacobson, 2005). While being in the network amendments the adolescent guilty parties could be expanded the chance of probation attached to changed severe and tough necessities like announcing determinedly and reliably to a post trial supervisor, staying restricted to one’s home during explicit pieces of the day, remaining off medications and going to substance misuse and emotional well-being related projects. The people group based offices have displayed a lot of guarantee passing by the way that s olitary 8 percent of the adolescent guilty parties in Missouri show recidivism once they are admitted to the network based projects (Gottesman, 2011). Network administration is one other suitable choice to detaining the adolescent guilty parties. Network administration could likewise be made to be a feasible condition to probation or it could be utilized as an option in contrast to paying fines (Jacobson, 2005). Since the initial three years of presenting the network administration choices, the territory of Illinois has spared nearly $18.7 million (Gottesman, 2011). Network administration includes causing the guilty party to commit oneself to an unpaid work or administration for a charitable or network association. Emotional well-being courts and medication courts are different options in contrast to adolescent detainment. Such courts

Finding Research Essay Samples For Your Special Needs Students

Finding Research Essay Samples For Your Special Needs StudentsOne of the easiest ways to create a winning essay for your special needs college essay is to use research essay samples early in the process. Research essay samples are done in a lot of different ways, but they all have one thing in common: they are all words based on real-word examples. Using the proper research essay sample will help you make sure you are using the right word choice for your essay and will also help to be able to use your essay to make an impact on those who will read it. This is why they are so important, because your essay is the best way you can show students how they can benefit from what you know.Research essay samples can be found in many different places, but two of the most popular places to find them are online and in the bookstore. Online, there are so many different options out there that there is bound to be something that will work for you. With online versions of the essay samples, you are able to submit a quick form to get a free sample essay. These offer two main things: first, the ease of submitting the form and the time it takes to get a sample essay back to you. With just a couple of minutes to get the sample essay back to you, this gives you enough time to make changes if necessary before submitting the full essay to the paper or course you are working on.In the bookstores, you will find that some of the more popular books with essays are a great resource to find research essay samples. It is easy to find these books at most bookstores and they have access to all the different versions that are available, as well as access to resources for teachers who want to find additional essays for their special needs students.When choosing which essay samples to use, keep in mind that you do not want to simply copy the words from the essay or school reading. Instead, you should choose words that are similar to the original but still have a meaning that can teach the reader something. For example, if the original is about not being able to rely on others, but you wanted to use a word that would actually help the reader to be more independent, then you could write about how you were able to rely on yourself when you had to. The key is to use words that make the reader think, not just read, so that they are able to understand what you are trying to communicate.Research essay samples help you create powerful essays that can reach a wide audience. Remember that a professional essay is one that is well written, that tells the reader something in a simple and clear way, and that makes them want to know more.There are many essay writing software programs that are available that offer research essay samples for use with those who need them. These make it easy to find examples that fit a particular theme and that you can use to make a great first draft. With this type of software, you are able to utilize research essay samples to start from scratch, or to re-w rite the same essay as many times as you would like. With research essay samples, you can make changes as you go along, or as you want to make changes in the future.With these four essential parts, research essay samples will help you make sure that you use the right word choices for your essay. By doing this, you will be making a great first impression for your students, and you will be creating essays that are fun and engaging to read.

Putting the Pieces Together Your MBA Application

Lets take a look at all the elements that go into creating an MBA application: Theres your GPA, your transcripts, your GMAT, a resume, your letters of recommendation, all those boxes and forms on the actual application page, and finally, your MBA application essays. Creating Your Unique Puzzle One way we like to view all these elements is to look at them as pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The final product may be your MBA application, but the picture that you complete by piecing together each of the components is a picture of YOU, the life-force and essence of your application. The purpose of presenting all of the above information to the adcom is to introduce yourself to them, so if the pieces dont fit together to create this picture, then you havent made a proper introduction. Introduce Yourself! Now, you dont want to submit all of these elements and then have the adcom stumped as to how they all fit together; instead, you want to hand them over in a neat package that MAKES SENSE, so that as they read or examine each piece, theyre able to quickly and naturally see how each piece fits into your unique puzzle. When they are finished with the last essay, they should sit back and say, Hey, I understand this person professionally, extracurricular-ly, and personality-wise. Id like to get to know him better, and then stick your application in the Send Interview Invite pile. Realize the functions of the different elements: Resume: Summary and bird’s eye view of your professional credentials. Transcript and test scores: Raw data on academic qualifications. Essays: You telling your story. Opportunities for you to take a deep dive, adding depth to readers’ understanding of critical events as well as insight into what makes you tick. Letters of Recommendation: Another’s perspective on you as a professional. The Essays as Puzzle Glue I cant overemphasize the importance of having strong application essays in this equation. The other application elements will definitely portray important aspects of who you are, but its the MBA essays that will really hold the puzzle together, fill in the gaps, and add the color and vibrancy that the other data lacks. 5 Tips for Using Your Essays to Hold Your Application Together Keep the following advice in mind as you work to complete your MBA application jigsaw puzzle: Each application essay should highlight different qualifications or experiences that you want to showcase to the adcom Minimize overlap between stories in essays. Failing to do so is comparable to sticking two identical puzzle pieces in a puzzle box. Use the essays to address weak points in your record or subtle stereotypes in your profile. Doing so will help promote your cause (though please, dont be defensive, apologetic, or whiny), as well as unify your application by connecting to other parts of the puzzle. (Pointless regurgitation or repetition of ideas or stats is†¦well†¦pointless, and should be avoided.) Use details and descriptions in your essays. Think of these writing techniques as the color, boldness, or glossy finish on a puzzle. Balance story and insight, description and analysis. Getting Jiggy with Your MBA Jigsaw Puzzle Your entire application should create a cohesive, coherent, unified picture of YOU, featuring your most impressive accomplishments, noteworthy experiences, and important scores and stats. It should be whole, not fragmented; a missing piece will make your application puzzle look sloppy, not to mention not yet finished. Do you need help putting all your MBA application puzzle pieces together successfully? View A Winning MBA Application Strategy, a collection of resources that will teach you how to create a unified, COMPLETE MBA application jigsaw puzzle. (function(){ var s='hubspotutk',r,c=((r=new RegExp('(^|; )'+s+'=([^;]*)').exec(document.cookie))?r[2]:''),w=window;w[s]=w[s]||c, hsjs = document.createElement("script"), el=document.getElementById("hs-cta-52eb888c-486a-4162-b9f5-bbafc53e1a3b"); hsjs.type = "text/javascript";hsjs.async = true; hsjs.src = "//cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/cs/loader-v2.js?pg=52eb888c-486a-4162-b9f5-bbafc53e1a3b (document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]).appendChild(hsjs); try{el.style.visibility="hidden";}catch(err){} setTimeout(function() {try{el.style.visibility="visible";}catch(err){}}, 2500); })(); Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Anxiety and Competitive Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1046 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? When athletes prepare for a competition or performance, mental health is often neglected and not given a second thought. The athlete will condition their body, physically readying themselves to be pushed during competition. However, it might be worthwhile if athletes asked themselves how their mental health could affect their performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anxiety and Competitive Sports" essay for you Create order Various studies have been conducted to observe the ways anxiety, in particular, can alter performance from practice to competitions. Anxiety may be reported by an athlete when they are unsure of whether they can handle situations contributing stress (Hardy, Jones, Gould, 1995). Martens, et al (1990) contributed three subscales, used to describe athletes anxiety participating in various sports, onto the existing knowledge of anxiety and athletic performance. These three subscales include cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence, which all play a role in an athletes performance. This multidimensional anxiety theory suggests that cognitive anxiety will negatively effect performance if arousal is high, entailing a negative linear relation with performance (Hardy, et al., 1996). On the other hand, somatic anxiety displays a curvilinear relation and self-confidence has a positive linear relation with performance (Martens, et al., 1990). A common questionnaire that was completed in various studies was the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, 30 minutes to an hour before competition (Tsopani, Dallas, Skordilis, 2011). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 measures the intensity of symptoms which in turn can determine the presence of anxiety. When participants take this CSAI-2 they respond to 27 items rating each on a 4-point scale; using 1: not at all and 4: very much so (Martens, et al., 1990). A greater presence in these three subscales are indicated by higher scores. These results help to determine how an athlete feels concerning the competition at hand and how it may affect performance. Questioning how anxiety can affect an athlete during competitive play is important to improving their skills. Performance is not only determined by physical readiness, but also by an athletes mental state. It is hypothesized that athletes who contribute time towards their mental health will perform better. Additionally, those showing little symptoms of anxiety will perform better than those showing more. Cognitive anxiety increases worry or doubt, threatening an athletes persuit and well-being. When cognitive anxiety is low is when an athlete will perform the best (Kais, Raudsepp, 2004). In the studies conducted and reported by Graham Jones (1992), Austin Swain (1992), Despoina Tsopani (2011), George Dallas (2011), Emmanouli K. Skordilis (2011), Kristjan Kais (2004) and Lennart Raudsepp (2004), each participant completed CSAI-2 30-60 min before the competition to measure cogenitive anxiety. This did not interfere with preparation routines for the players. The participants were than observed during the competitions looking for mistakes or accomplishments each player achieved (Tsopani, et al., 2011). This would later determine if the results from the CSAI-2 affected their performance. The test conducted by Jones and Swain (1992) separated the 69 subjects in two groups: high or low competitive subjects. They took athletes from various sports and compared their results. Using the results given by the participants from the CSAI-2, they determined how cognitive anxiety differed between the high and low competitive subjects. In result, the more competitive subjects reported their cognitive anxiety considerably more facilitative than the less competitive subjects, positively affecting their performance (Jones, Swain, 1992). In the study conducted by Tsopani, et al., where 86 young gymnasts were observed, the results contradicted those of Jones Swain (1992). It was shown that highly competitive athletes were lower on cognitive anxiety. Additionally, Kais Raudsepp (2004) found that their 66 participants performed more effectively when they perceived their cognitive anxiety as facilitative. Thus, Jones Swain (1992) and Kais Raudsepp (2004) both found the athletes to perform better because of their perceptions on their cognitive anxiety, although cognitive anxiety had no real affect on performance. In comparison, somatic anxiety refers to the physical symptoms of anxiety in athletes, including increased heart rate, butterflies, elevated blood pressure, and more (Kais Raudsepp, 2004). Alongside cognitive anxiety, there was no statistically significant difference between cognitive and somatic anxiety. Athletes rated and perceived these two similar to one another. Self-confidence is known as the feeling of trust in ones ability to execute a task efficiently and effectively. This aspect of the multidimensional model played a significant role on how athletes performed. The way they perceived them selves in the way they played affected their performance. Jones Swain (1992) found that the highly competitive group found their self-confidence more facilitating than the low competitive group, greatly affecting performance. Tsopani, et al. (2011) stated that the only statistically significant aspect proved to be self-confidence. Female gymnasts with higher self-confidence performed higher. Reports also showed that gymnasts with lower self-confidence showed signs of shaky stances, and unbalanced performances. Furthermore, Kais Raudsepp (2004) reported results suggesting self-confidence as a construct that can greatly influence performance above affects by cognitive or somatic anxiety. There were several limitations regarding each study conducted. Jones Swain (1992) and Tsopani et al. (2011) gathered subjects that participated in the same sport at the same level while Kais Raudsepp (2004) studied athletes from varying sports. This may cause a discrepancy when comparing the athletes anxiety and self-confidence due to the different sports. These sports may not entail the same guidelines and rules athletes are to follow. Alongside this, Tsopani et al. (2011) only examined gymnasts aged 11-12, not offering results from older and more experienced athletes. Lastly, in all three reports, the intensity of anxiety was not taken during or after the competition. This eliminates the opportunity to assess anxiety and its affect in all stages of mental performance. Taking in results from all stages of the competition may offer an improvement to predicting anxieties influence. The findings of these studies support the idea that athletes perceptions of their own anxiety offer an understanding of competitive state-anxiety. Even though the symptoms of anxiety may not affect athletes negatively does not excuse its affects in a positive aspect. These affects may even be necessary for a positive affect on performance. Although, what may be perceived as positive anxiety could be merely the states of excitement, arousal, or motivation. Additionally, self-confidence directly correlates with an athletes performance during competition. The research included all showed signs that participants who perceived themselves with higher self-confidence performed better than those in a low competitive group. Furthermore, coaches and athletes should take focus on their perceptions of anxiety and self-confidence to improve their readiness for competition.

Summary about Vietnam War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 649 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Vietnam War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The civil war between North and South Vietnam was known as the Vietnam War which started on November 1st, 1955 and lasted until April 30th, 1975. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and North Korea and South Vietnam was Supported by the United States, Thailand, Australia, New Zeeland, and the Philippines which was really just communism against capitalism as well. In the Vietnam War there were many different battles varying from little skirmishes to huge and heavy actioned battles and in this paper we will be exploring the bigger battles and the battle with the most importance to the war in terms of how it affected the outcome of the war. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Summary about Vietnam War" essay for you Create order Battle of Ap Bac The Battle of Ap Bac happened on January 2nd, 1963 in Mekong Delta in paddies north of hamlet Ap Bac. Before this day arrived the Viet Cong spent a little over two day preparing the battleground for the Battle of Ap Bac. Something very crucial they did to prepare for this fight was cut down bamboo and some branches, so they can lay a false roof over themselves. At about 10:30 a.m. the Viet Cong spotted movement 400 meters to their south which were about 100 ARVN puppet soldiers that walked out of the tree line. The ARVN expected to just walk towards the Viet Cong and just scare them into running away with their tails between their legs, like the previous battles in late 1962. Except that in this battle is the US spotter plane could not tell what the strength of the Viet Cong really was, which left the ARVN and the US advisors that were on the ground without any intel on the enemy, so they were going in blind. The Viet Cong knew what the word patience meant, and they let the ARVN soldiers get within 50 meters of them and then opened fire using small arms and autoptic weapons to attack the ARVN. Just when everything seemed to be going right for the Viet Cong the South Vietnamize had eight troop carrier helicopters coming to their aid filled with over 100 men in each plus four tadpole gunships. Again the Viet Cong patience would pay off as they waited for the first carrier to make its descent and as soon as the cabin doors opened on the carrier they fired gunning down some of the troops coming out of the choppers well the ones that got out looked for cover. The gunships that the South Vietnamize had made strafe runs firing into the tree line were the Viet Cong were with their M134 Gatling guns, but they had little to no effect. Then the ARVN artillery started to fire which wasnt aimed properly and it landed were the rest of the troop carrier helicopters were making their landing which was next to the first ship that got gunned down and they made the same mistake because they landed within the range of the Viet Congs range putting five of the carries out of action. During this battle the Viet Cong displayed fire control and conserved ammo for the rest of the day. They survived the enemy artillery, dive bombers and gunships; and even a late in the day cavalry charge by a dozen M-113 APCs with .50 caliber machines guns and one flame thrower (Rooney). The Viet Cong also went and inflicted four times more casualties to the Southern forces killing 80 ARVN and they fought all day against an army four times their size withstanding all the artil lery, machine gun and helicopter fire from the Sothern force and still they were able to win. The Battle of Ap Bac was a big for the Viet Cong because it showed that the southern Vietnamize army had no fighting ability and that they couldnt cope with the strategy or the fighting spirit of the Viet Cong even with their larger force and support from the United Sates.

Dementia And Delirium Effect On A Person Is On The Rise

According to case studies, the rate at which both dementia and delirium can affect a person is on the rise because of the increasing population worldwide (McCrow, Sullivan, Beattie, 2014). Older adults are one of the fastest growing populations in the world. The first baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964) turned 65 in the year 2011 (McCrow, 2014). With the increasing population of elders, there is also an increase in incidence of delirium. Up to 36 percent of aged people admitted to healthcare facilities have developed delirium (Schuckit, 2014). It is clear that delirium presents a significant problem for the aged admitted to healthcare facilities. There have been developments and initiatives in healthcare facilities to help†¦show more content†¦The necessity to integrate this knowledge when caring for the older population is desirable because the population above 55 years is among the fastest growing population in America according to the U.S. census (2010). Tolson Booth Schofield (2011) discuss that older people are at a greater risk of developing delirium following an age-related impairment of cerebral metabolism, which causes a significant decrease in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, in particular, acetylcholine. According to Hosie, Lobb, Agar, Davidson, and Phillips (2014), older people are often affected by at least one chronic condition such as dementia. Unlike delirium, dementia is a chronic condition that lasts at least six months and in most cases occurs progressively. Also, the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is associated with a chronic decline in acetylcholine (Redfern Ross, 2006). Therefore, this explains why symptoms of dementia and delirium overlap, especially memory loss in both conditions. The overlapping symptoms, therefore, make differentiation between the two conditions difficult, especially when delirium is superimposed on dementia. It is because of this that identifying delirium is of great significance to the older population. The elderly patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who have been diagnosed with delirium have unique characteristics (Britton, Russell, 2003). Some of the

Essay about Individualism in History - 1061 Words

In today’s world, individualism is everywhere, accepted by many and encouraged by most people in America. However, in the 18th century colonies, when America was finding its beginnings, this was something that was highly frowned upon. Among many beliefs during the 18th century, one that stood out the most were Puritans who thought that everyone was equal and should do their part to help their community. There were, also, the Deists who believed that everyone was a part of a bigger picture than what was actually seen. Not one of the proclaimed Deists strove to be different from the other, always conforming to what was around him or her. During the 18th century, there were two men who could not be more obviously different than Jonathan†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, soon after Franklin and his son had a major falling out, that greatly dampened their relationship. Edwards’ and Franklin’s use of tone, the reader sees that both men do an excellent j ob in getting their points across, even though they have various ways of showing their thoughts. Franklin and Edward’s beliefs were the root of every other thing they accomplished in their lives. For Franklin, who was a deist, believed that everything could be solved by reason and logic. Franklin was much more into the emerging science that was coming about in the world. Edwards, on the other hand, was a Calvinist. He believed in predestination and the mystical powers of God. Everything Edwards did or saw could all be explained by God’s will. Although both men believed in completely different theories, they both lived by a high moral code. Franklin first listed out his highest virtues in his autobiography and secondly, tried to master every one. Both men tried to better themselves due to their strong beliefs, but they both were trying to accomplish the same things essentially. Both men, also, shared their beliefs of others. Edwards was different in the fact that he felt it necessary to preach his religion to others, such as in his sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, while Franklin did not. Franklin and Edwards’ convictions were their primary motivations for their work. Both men’s beliefs, also, had a great effect on the earlyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Individualism in American History1470 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican history there have been struggles for individualism. The American Revolution, the American Civil War, and the separation from family life are all examples of individualism in American history. Individualism is an American paradigm designed by the modern societal structure that is an altered idea of the foundation by immigrants. In today’s society the struggle for individualism is more personal and represents how American values have shifted since the beginning of American history. IndividualismRead MoreA Brief Note On Western Culture And Individualism1107 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Framework: Individualism means that they are solely depending on that individual person (Ayn, 1). There is no â€Å"we† in the way that an individualist person would think (Culturematters.com). Western culture and individualism is derived from knowledge and emphasis on the individual person. Western culture is open to anyone in any race, cultural background, age, and gender. Therefore, history has changed itself throughout the years when it comes to the way we think. If you refer back toRead MoreIndividualism And Its Impact On Society788 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word individualism. There is nothing selfish to be able to express ones personality and internal emotions. Being an individual alone could value a person’s overall true character. The claim presented would be opposed by many because people like to feel independent and self-reliant. 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Emergence of Modern Communication Language - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Write about theEmergence of Modern Communication Language. Answer: Background: The world turning into global village has created a need for the formation of international language used as source of communication. But hardly people know about the origination of language. Due to Invasion of Anglo, Saxons and Jutes in Britannia, the Latin language at that absorbed many dialects of the invading tribes in (6-11 Century). This marked the origination of Old English. As per Kumaravadivelu (2012), Modern English has adopted many words of the Old English. The invasion of Norse, Scandavian people, was a turning point for English, which was given its grammar and structure formation. While in the 6th century, Christianity granted various load words to the Latin language and in turn granting more words to the English language. French after becoming the prestige language in 1066 after Noman invasion categorized the language into different categories. Kings and noble men spoke French while the middle class and merchants spoke English and French both. The common people spoke on ly English. This was the time English adopted words of French too. With high adaptation level, the Printing Press in 1490 took step for enforcement of standards of Language. They highlighted the need of standards for preserving the language. English Language Experts were deeply concern with the frequent changes in language, Confusion and perplexity for it. Finally, their efforts resulted in forming standards for punctuation, proper usage, spellings and words.(Strang, 2015)He also show that Britain expansion to one third of land through trade, made English more common to other parts of world too in 1780. Further British Colonism, Granted words from second languages also, to the English. Research Question: What standards to use English as an international language? What is the need of standards? How capitalism affected the usage of English all over? How the linguistic imperialism has aided in the dominance of language? Will the English continue to be dominant language in future? what will be the counter languages and their reasons to dominate over English? Literature Review The step of globalization laid great emphasis for usage of English as an international language. The west world in lust of power tried to access the science and technology in1800-1949, which finally created great stress for common language for communication (Wengfeng and Gao,2008). Whereas in 1949, the communist won and restored the worth of their language too. Whereas as suggested by Jin, Cortazzi (2006), the Chinese learned new languages Russian and English to counteract the effects of capitalism. While during the cultural revolution of the world in 1966-1976, world went through great transformation. In 1966-1968, many of the schools were closed and when opened, they became center of politics, without any colour of foreign language. Children were taught slogans like Long live Chairman Mao. Even the effects of politics were incorporated in English dictionaries. Ji in Pucilowski(2005) shed light on the political effects in dictionaries to affect the minds of learners. They were taugh t lessons of hatred by degrading the western capital society, which was losing. They were also taught they cannot live without the president Mao and could not have any happiness to. They were hypnotized with the mesmerizing effects of party and called that they will do everything the party would say them. They were made aware that for these ideas, they needed to invest great amount of energy and sacrifices but they were taught to remain loyal to party in any circumstance. Finally in 1976, Mao died ending the culture reformation and inviting the new leader Deng Xiaoping, who proved to be of immense worth as he made strong ties with US by forming better policies to improve the suffered relations between countries. This once again invited the foreign English teachers come for teaching English and removing the barriers of trade and advancement of technology (Pan, D Block,2011). It was emphasized the enforcement of standards to maintain the quality of English language free from mistakes. However the mingling of cultures, created Chinglish, a substandard version of English. Despite of efforts, few terms like long time no see and lost face were affected by the Chinese usage. China realizing the importance of English for advancement in all the fields of life, ranging from economics till maintain ideology, laid great emphasis on the nationalists to learn English as modern language. They made them realize that this way they will conquer the world and restore their integrity and continue to prosper in economic world as well. No doubt countries realize the importance of English as common language for communication to make the world global village, but every country blended English with their language, which created further many versions, Chinglish, Japanese English, Spanglish, Singlish, Kenyan English, and Thai English etc. English is the most widely spoken language by 480 million people (Mackey, 2015). In 2006-7 about 80% of homepages on the World Wide Web were in some k ind of English (cp. German, 4.5%; Japanese, 3.1%).85% of international organizations use English as their official language; while used as 85% for worlds film market; and 90% of academic texts (Crystal, 1997) This clearly shows the importance of English in todays world. Even Political leaders in non-English speaking countries use English to communicate with international media etc. Theoretical Framework: The Kachru model of 1985 demonstrated the various types of English. The model is divided into inner circle, outer circle and expanding circle. The inner circle represented the usage of English of native people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the US. While the outer circle represents the usage of language as second language in countries like India, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Kenya former colonies. The last circle, expanding circle exhibits countries which may adopt the language in future as they treat the language as foreign language. Though the model represented the clear usage of English as communicational tool in their countries, but they have not adopted the language completely and brought up changes to adapt it completely for the usage. But this proved that countries were not ready to leave neither their native language nor English. Instead they paved a way in between and joined both of the languages. (Kirkpatrick,2006) Methodology : The semiotic analysis of the above model clearly shows that despite of the desire to speak and use their languages, people from all the countries have realized the importance of using English as their language used in for trade and communication.it also depicts the idea that English will always be treated as foreign language despite of its significance. The statistical data also exhibits the usage of English in various countries. More than 400 million people use English as their native language while 700 million people speak English as foreign language. Approximately over 2700 languages, English has retained its preference with the treasure of richest vocabulary . oxford English dictionary contains 500,000 words. Significance: To sum up, English has conquered all the four field of spoken language, official language, language of sources of information and quantity of information disseminated. So it conquers all the prominent fields to restore its power in technology, academics, communication and trade. It is not only altered by its non- native speakers but by native speakers also (Seidlhofer, 2010). But no doubt the power lies with the US and UK speakers because it is their native language. References: Cortazzi, M. and Jin, L. (1999, 2001). Bridges to learning: Metaphors of teaching, learning and language. In L. Cameron and G. Low (Eds.), Researching and applying metaphor (pp.149-176). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language and Teaching Press. Crystal, D. (1997/2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk H.G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures(pp. 11-36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lass, Robert (ed) (1999) The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol 111: 1476-1776. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. Cortazzi, M. and Jin, L. (1999, 2001). Bridges to learning: Metaphors of teaching, learning and language. In L. Cameron and G. Low (Eds.), Researching and applying metaphor (pp.149-176). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language and Teaching Press. Crystal, D. (1997/2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk H.G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures(pp. 11-36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Crystal, D., 2012. English as a global language. Cambridge University Press. Jin, L. and Cortazzi, M., 2006. Changing practices in Chinese cultures of learning. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(1), pp.5-20. Kumaravadivelu, B., 2012. Individual identity, cultural globalization, and teaching English as an international language. Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language, 9. Seidlhofer, B., 2005. English as a lingua franca. ELT journal, 59(4), p.339. Strang, B.M., 2015. A history of English (Vol. 26). Routledge. Wenfeng, W. and Gao, X., 2008. English language education in China: A review of selected research. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 29(5), pp.380-399. Zheng, H.B. and Song, W.J., 2010. Metaphor Analysis in the Educational Discourse: A Critical Review. Online Submission, 8(9), pp.42-49. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.

Swot Analysis Audi free essay sample

This high ROE indicates that the company is using the shareholders’ money efficiently and that it is generating high returns for its shareholders compared to its peer companies. Similarly, BMW and Daimler have less ROA when compared to Audi. In FY2010, BMW’s ROA was 2. 9% and Daimler’s ROA was 3. 3%, significantly less than Audi. The ROA of Audi was 8. 4% in FY2010. High ROA indicates that the company has been deploying its assets in an efficient manner and indicates the efficient management of the company towards allocation of resources compared to its peer companies. Weaknesses Concerning product recalls Audi announced recalls that cover some of its most popular models due to manufacturing and design problems. For instance in August 2011, the company recalled 34,000 lemon Audi A4 and Audi A6 vehicles due to defective engine fuel pump. In May 2011, Audi recalled 5,992 units of 2001-2004 Audi A6, 2003 Audi RS6 and 2002-2003 Audi S6 models due to a fuel system flaw. Similarly, in April 2011, the company recalled up to 10,200 Audi TTs from the 2010 model year to fix fuel tank ventilation system’s spring. Significant product recalls indicates decline in product quality which could negatively affect the consumer confidence in Audi’s products and could strain its sales. Lack of scale compared to peers The company lacks the scale to compete with large players in the markets in which it operates. Many of its competitors such as Daimler, Ford and Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) are larger in size. Daimler, for instance, recorded revenues of E97,761 million (approximately $129,777. 7 million) in FY2010, while Ford recorded revenues of $128,954 million during the same period. BMW recorded revenues of E60,477 million (approximately $80,283. 2 million) in FY2010. In contrast, Audi recorded revenues of E35,441 million (approximately $47,047. 9 million) which is much less than its competitors in FY2010. Lack of scale limits Audi’s ability to compete effectively with larger players. Opportunities Positive outlook for hybrid electric vehicles Worldwide demand for light hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is expected to increase. Rising energy costs and increased emissions regulations are likely to increase demand for HEVs. By 2015, the US is expected to be the largest market for HEVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, selling approximately 640,000 vehicles in these two categories combined. China is expected to be the second-largest market with more than 560,000 hybrid vehicles sold that same year. Global problems that include the environmental challenges of global warming and the need to conserve resources and energy are the key drivers for the automotive companies to develop HEVs. Audi has a strong focus on developing HEVs. The company is one of the premium manufacturers of electric vehicles. Audi launched many hybrid vehicles in 2010, which include Audi e-tron Spyder, e-tron Silvretta, and A1 e-tron. It is also into development of a plug-in hybrid, a drive system that combines a combustion engine with an electric motor, whose battery can also be charged through an electrical outlet. In addition, the company is currently working on full-hybrid versions of the Audi Q5 and A8. Audi is also developing other electric concepts for plug-in hybrids, ranging from the fuel cell to the battery-only electric vehicle. Audi is expected launch its Q5 hybrid Quattro and R8 E-tron in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Such strong focus and increasing demand for HEVs would boost demand for Audi’s products. Threats Intense competition The global automotive industry is highly competitive. Audi faces strong competitors, some of which are larger and may have greater resources in a given business area. Some of its key competitors are Bayerische Motoren Werke, Daimler, Fiat, Ford Motor, GM Daewoo Auto Technology, General Motors, Honda Motor, Hyundai Motor, Nissan Motor, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Porsche Automobil Holding, Renault and Toyota Motor. Due to current economic conditions, demand for automobiles has fallen sharply, both in Europe and in other parts of the world. Many manufacturers, including Audi, have relatively high fixed labor costs as well as significant limitations on their ability to close facilities and reduce fixed costs. To offset these high fixed costs, some of the company’s competitors have responded to recent deteriorations in economic conditions and vehicle sales by attempting to sell more vehicles by adding vehicle enhancements, providing subsidized financing or leasing programs. They are also offering option package discounts, other marketing incentives and are reducing vehicle prices in certain markets. These actions may have a significant negative effect on Audi’s vehicle pricing, market share and operating results. It also impacts Audi’s ability to enhance its revenue per vehicle and maintain the company’s market share during difficult economic times. Environment protection regulations The company is subject to a number of environment protection regulations. The EU Regulation decided on a wide range of stricter requirements, primarily impacting diesel technology. In the case of heavy passenger vehicles the rules, as they currently stand, require that an after-treatment system for nitrogen oxide be introduced. The cost difference compared with petrol engines will increase further. In future, petrol and diesel engines will also have to reposition themselves with regard to the obligation to add biofuels to fossil fuels. The existing diesel particulate filter technology does not permit any significant increase in the amount of biofuels added. In addition, the EU Regulation sets targets for carmakers selling passenger cars in the European market (the EU 27). The aim is to reduce average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in European fleets to 130 grams per kilometer (g/km) for all new vehicles by 2015 by means of drive train and other vehicle technology. A further reduction of 10 g/km is to be achieved by flanking measures such as gear-change indicators, low-resistance tires, and the use of biofuels. There are risks involved in the amount of the penalties, which may be up to E95 ($139. ) per g/km, to be imposed if the manufacturer fails to meet the target for its vehicles sold by an average of more than 3 g/km. Similarly, a uniform consumption and CO2 regulation will apply for the model years 2012 to 2016 in the US. Starting with a step-by-step reduction in model year 2012, the new vehicle fleets of all manufacturers are expected to come down to an average value of 250g of CO2 per mile in model year 2016. The Japanese governme nt has also set ambitious targets to reduce consumption, including statutory regulations for 2010 and 2015. The government in China is currently discussing the introduction of fuel consumption requirements (more stringent than current ones) planned to come into force in 2012. These regulations would impose additional costs and obligations on Audi, which may adversely impact its margins. Weak economic outlook for the US and Europe The global economic recession of 2008 has done a significant damage to Europe and the US economies. According to IMF, the output of these two regions is expected remain well below potential. The risk of a double-dip recession in the US has receded, but Europe remains vulnerable and new risks have emerged. The US economy expanded by an above-trend growth of 2. 8% in 2010. In the US, the tentative signs of a stronger and more self-sustaining recovery at end-2010 have since been followed by certain setbacks and new risks. In particular, the surge in oil prices, if sustained, could significantly slow the recovery. In addition, the recent down grade by SP could further increase the borrowing costs of the US, resulting in further slow down. The recent macroeconomic data, state-level regional data, and the increased volatility in the financial markets in the US shows significant downside risks to economic growth over the near term. It is forecasted that the US would have a GDP growth rate of 1. 6% in 2011 and 1. 1% in 2012. Similarly, in Europe, the economy is expected to recover at a rate of 2. 4% and 2. 6% for 2011 and 2012, respectively. Moreover, according to the European Commission, the economic recovery in the European Union is expected to be sluggish due to significant headwinds that are set to restrain domestic demand. In addition the recovery is being challenged by relatively high consumer-price inflation. Though, France and Germany are forecasted to grow at a rate of 1. 6% and 2. 5%, respectively, in 2011, Greece and Portugal are forecasted to stay in recession for the next two years. Audi has a strong presence in the US and Europe. It derives more than 70% of its revenues from these two regions. Such weak economic outlook for the US and Europe could further put pressure on the company’s revenues and growth prospects.

Liberalization privatization globalization free essay sample

Privatization, also spelled privatisation, may have several meanings. Primarily, it is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, public service or public property from the public sector (a government) to the private sector, either to a business that operate for a profit or to a non-profit organization. It may also mean government outsourcing of services or functions to private firms, e. g. revenue collection, law enforcement, and prison management. [1] Privatization has also been used to describe two unrelated transactions. The first is the buying of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by a single entity, taking the company private. This is often described as private equity. The second is a demutualization of a mutual organization or cooperative to form a joint stock company. [2] Primary Objectives: The following are the primary objectives which have been defined in the Government’s policy statement on Parastatal Sector Reform: Improve the operational efficiency of enterprises that are currently in the Parastatal sector, and their contribution to the national economy; Reduce the burden of Parastatal enterprises on the Government budget; Expand the role of the private sector in the economy, permitting the Government to concentrate public resources on its role as provider of basic public services, including health, education and social infrastructure; and Encourage wider participation by the people in the ownership and management of business. We will write a custom essay sample on Liberalization privatization globalization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondary Objectives: In so far as their pursuit is consistent with the primary objectives, the CHC intends to ensure that divestiture meets the following secondary objectives: to create a more market-oriented economy; to secure enhanced assess to foreign markets, to capital and to technology; to promote the development of the capital market; and to preserve the goal of self-reliance. There are four main methods[citation needed] of privatization: 1. Share issue privatization (SIP) selling shares on the stock market 2. Asset sale privatization selling an entire organization (or part of it) to a strategic investor, usually by auction or by using the Treuhand model 3. Voucher privatization distributing shares of ownership to all citizens, usually for free or at a very low price. 4. Privatization from below Start-up of new private businesses in formerly socialist countries. Choice of sale method is influenced by the capital market, political, and firm-specific factors. SIPs are more likely to be used when capital markets are less developed and there is lower income inequality. Share issues can broaden and deepen domestic capital markets, boosting liquidity and (potentially) economic growth, but if the capital markets are insufficiently developed it may be difficult to find enough buyers, and transaction costs (e. g. underpricing required) may be higher. For this reason, many governments elect for listings in the more developed and liquid markets, for example Euronext, and the London, New York and Hong Kong stock exchanges. Secured borrowing Some privatization transactions can be interpreted as a form of a secured loan[3][4] and are criticized as a particularly noxious form of governmental debt. [3] In this interpretation, the upfront payment from the privatization sale corresponds to the principal amount of the loan, while the proceeds from the underlying asset correspond to secured interest payments – the transaction can be considered substantively the same as a secured loan, though it is structured as a sale. [3] This interpretation is particularly argued to apply to recent municipal transactions in the United States, particularly for fixed term, such as the 2008 sale of the proceeds from Chicago parking meters for 75 years. It is argued that this is motivated by politicians desires to borrow money surreptitiously,[3] due to legal restrictions on and political resistance to alternative sources of revenue, viz, raising taxes or issuing debt. History The history of privatization dates from Ancient Greece, when governments contracted out almost everything to the private sector. [7] In the Roman Republic private individuals and companies performed the majority of services including tax collection (tax farming), army supplies (military contractors), religious sacrifices and construction. However, the Roman Empire also created state-owned enterprises—for example, much of the grain was eventually produced on estates owned by the Emperor. Some scholars suggest that the cost of bureaucracy was one of the reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. [7] Perhaps one of the first ideological movements towards privatization came during Chinas golden age of the Han dynasty. Taoism came into prominence for the first time at a state level, and it advocated the laissez-faire principle of Wu wei ( ), literally meaning do nothing. [8] The rulers were counseled by the Taoist clergy that a strong ruler was virtually invisible. During the Renaissance, most of Europe was still by and large following the feudal economic model. By contrast, the Ming dynasty in China began once more to practice privatization, especially with regards to their manufacturing industries. This was a reversal of the earlier Song dynasty policies, which had themselves overturned earlier policies in favor of more rigorous state control. [9] In Britain, the privatization of common lands is referred to as enclosure (in Scotland as the Lowland Clearances and the Highland Clearances). Significant privatizations of this nature occurred from 1760 to 1820, coincident with the industrial revolution in that country. Potential Benefits of Privatisation 1. Improved Efficiency. The main argument for privatisation is that private companies have a profit incentive to cut costs and be more efficient. If you work for a government run industry, managers do not usually share in any profits. However, a private firm is interested in making profit and so it is more likely to cut costs and be efficient. Since privatisation, companies such as BT, and British Airways have shown degrees of improved efficiency and higher profitability. 2. Lack of Political Interference. It is argued governments make poor economic managers. They are motivated by political pressures rather than sound economic and business sense. For example a state enterprise may employ surplus workers which is inefficient. The government may be reluctant to get rid of the workers because of the negative publicity involved in job losses. Therefore, state owned enterprises often employ too many workers increasing inefficiency. 3. Short Term view. A government many think only in terms of next election. Therefore, they may be unwilling to invest in infrastructure improvements which will benefit the firm in the long term because they are more concerned about projects that give a benefit before the election. 4. Shareholders It is argued that a private firm has pressure from shareholders to perform efficiently. If the firm is inefficient then the firm could be subject to a takeover. A state owned firm doesn’t have this pressure and so it is easier for them to be inefficient. 5. Increased Competition. Often privatisation of state owned monopolies occurs alongside deregulation – i. e. policies to allow more firms to enter the industry and increase the competitiveness of the market. It is this increase in competition that can be the greatest spur to improvements in efficiency. For example, there is now more competition in telecoms and distribution of gas and electricity. However, privatisation doesn’t necessarily increase competition, it depends on the nature of the market. E. g. there is no competition in tap water. There is very little competition within the rail industry. 6. Government will raise revenue from the sale Selling state owned assets to the private sector raised significant sums for the UK government in the 1980s. However, this is a one off benefit. It also means we lose out on future dividends from the profits of public companies. Disadvantages of Privatisation 1. Natural Monopoly A natural monopoly occurs when the most efficient number of firms in an industry is one. For example tap water has very significant fixed costs, therefore there is no scope for having competition amongst several firms. Therefore, in this case, privatisation would just create a private monopoly which might seek to set higher prices which exploit consumers. Therefore it is better to have a public monopoly rather than a private monopoly which can exploit the consumer. 2. Public Interest There are many industries which perform an important public service, e. g health care, education and public transport. In these industries, the profit motive shouldn’t be the primary objective of firms and the industry. For example, in the case of health care, it is feared privatising health care would mean a greater priority is given to profit rather than patient care. Also, in an industry like health care, arguably we don’t need a profit motive to improve standards. When doctors treat patients they are unlikely to try harder if they get a bonus. 3. Government loses out on potential dividends. Many of the privatised companies in the UK are quite profitable. This means the government misses out on their dividends, instead going to wealthy shareholders. 4. Problem of regulating private monopolies. Privatisation creates private monopolies, such as the water companies and rail companies. These need regulating to prevent abuse of monopoly power. Therefore, there is still need for government regulation, similar to under state ownership. 5. Fragmentation of industries. In the UK, rail privatisation led to breaking up the rail network into infrastructure and train operating companies. This led to areas where it was unclear who had responsibility. For example, the Hatfield rail crash was blamed on no one taking responsibility for safety. Different rail companies has increased the complexity of rail tickets. 6. Short-Termism of Firms. As well as the government being motivated by short term pressures, this is something private firms may do as well. To please shareholders they may seek to increase short term profits and avoid investing in long term projects. For example, the UK is suffering from a lack of investment in new energy sources; the privatised companies are trying to make use of existing plants rather than invest in new ones. Evaluation of Privatisation It depends on the industry in question. An industry like telecoms is a typical industry where the incentive of profit can help increase efficiency. However, if you apply it to industries like health care or public transport the profit motive is less important. It depends on the quality of regulation. Do regulators make the privatised firms meet certain standards of service and keep prices low. Is the market contestable and competitive? Creating a private monopoly may harm consumer interests, but if the market is highly competitive, there is greater scope for efficiency savings. Liberalization In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation. [1] Liberalization of autocratic regimes may precede democratization (or not, as in the case of the Prague Spring). In the arena of social policy it may refer to a relaxation of laws restricting for example divorce, abortion, or drugs and to the elimination of laws prohibiting same-sex sexual relations or same-sex marriage. Most often, the term is used to refer to economic liberalization, especially trade liberalization or capital market liberalization. Although economic liberalization is often associated with privatization, the two can be quite separate processes. For example, the European Union has liberalized gas and electricity markets, instituting a system of competition; but some of the leading European energy companies (such as EDF and Vattenfall) remain partially or completely in government ownership. Liberalized and privatized public services may be dominated by just a few big companies particularly in sectors with high capital costs, or high such as water, gas and electricity. In some cases they may remain legal monopoly at least for some part of the market (e. g. small consumers). Liberalization is one of three focal points (the others being privatization and stabilization) of the Washington Consensuss trinity strategy for economies in transition. An example of Liberalization is the Washington Consensus which was a set of policies created and used by Argentina There is also a concept of hybrid liberalisation as, for instance, in Ghana where cocoa crop can be sold to a variety of competing private companies, but there is a minimum price for which it can be sold and all exports are controlled by the state. [2] Economic liberalisation in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The economic liberalisation in India refers to ongoing economic reforms in India that started on 24 July 1991. After Independence in 1947, India adhered to socialist policies. Attempts were made to liberalize economy in 1966 and 1985. The first attempt was reversed in 1967. Thereafter, a stronger version of socialism was adopted. Second major attempt was in 1985 by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The process came to a halt in 1987, though 1966 style reversal did not take place. [1] In 1991, after India faced a balance of payments crisis, it had to pledge 20 tons of gold to Union Bank of Switzerland and 47 tons to Bank of England as part of a bailout deal with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, the IMF required India to undertake a series of structural economic reforms. [2] As a result of this requirement, the government of P. V. Narasimha Rao and his finance minister Manmohan Singh (currently the Prime Minister of India) started breakthrough reforms, although they did not implement many of the reforms the IMF wanted. [3][4] The new neo-liberal policies included opening for international trade and investment, deregulation, initiation of privatization, tax reforms, and inflation-controlling measures. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet tried to take on powerful lobbies such as the trade unions and farmers, or contentious issues such as reforming labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. [5] Thus, unlike the reforms of 1966 and 1985 that were carried out by the majority Congress governments, the reforms of 1991 carried out by a minority government proved sustainable. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable? [6] The fruits of liberalisation reached their peak in 2007, when India recorded its highest GDP growth rate of 9%. [7] With this, India became the second fastest growing major economy in the world, next only to China. [8] The growth rate has slowed significantly in the first half of 2012. [9] An Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report states that the average growth rate 7. 5% will double the average income in a decade, and more reforms would speed up the pace. [10] Indian government coalitions have been advised to continue liberalisation. India grows at slower pace than China, which has been liberalising its economy since 1978. [11] The McKinsey Quarterly states that removing main obstacles would free India’s economy to grow as fast as China’s, at 10 percent a year. [12] There has been significant debate, however, around liberalization as an inclusive economic growth strategy. Since 1992, income inequality has deepened in India with consumption among the poorest staying stable while the wealthiest generate consumption growth. [13] For 2010, India was ranked 124th among 179 countries in Index of Economic Freedom World Rankings, which is an improvement from the preceding year.

The Importance of the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay by St Louis Community College

The Importance of the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay by St Louis Community CollegeIf you are in search of a sample study for your Oral Composition essay, then take the time to take a look at the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay by St Louis Community College. This essay will get you on the right track in your school work.This is a difficult academic subject that requires great attention to detail. It is an excellent opportunity to show your aptitude and capability to do well on a test or an assignment. Therefore, it is very important that you prepare for the review with the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay by St Louis Community College.The most crucial portion of your essay is the introduction. You have to be able to impress your readers with the kind of knowledge that you provide in this section. It should explain what this essay is all about. By giving enough information about the topic of the essay, you will be able to provide enough proof that your subject is correct.As I said e arlier, the introduction is the first part of the essay and it is essential that you provide adequate information to get your readers' attention. Without proper introduction, the rest of the content of the essay will not be read and understood.The material must also come from relevant sources, to avoid making the term 'Newton's Law' a generic term. Once again, this will help to convince your readers that your topic is not only related to science but also to a specific branch of it. It is always better to use proper names when writing a summary essay.The next step that you need to take is to submit your essay to a university or college which is involved in the process of grading research papers or essays. In order to make sure that you will be accepted for this exam, make sure that your essay has a higher standard of grammar and punctuation than other similarly written essays.Now, once you get the permission from your school or university to use the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay b y St Louis Community College as the topic of your essay, you can begin writing the essay. Make sure that you get enough quality and interesting information in the beginning.You see, as a result of a significant increase in the number of students nowadays, the demand for this kind of study is enormous. Therefore, you should prepare yourself for the evaluation by taking a look at the Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay by St Louis Community College. With the quality of this sample, you will easily pass your Oral Composition test and will eventually graduate from high school.

Comparison of the French and Russian Revoloutions. essays

Comparison of the French and Russian Revoloutions. essays The use of either physical (such as the aggressiveness shown by the Cheka, the Russian secret police) or political force (such as War Communism) was prevalent in both the French (Between May 1789 1795) and Russian (Between February 1917 1924) revolutions. To protect and reinforce the revolutions (which were violent overthrows of the government) leaders of the time believed that force (which is defined as the use of power) was the an option available to secure the revolution. The force used came in different forms such as the Reign of Terror in France, to the Red Terror experienced in the Russian Civil War. Force was seen in many eyes to be the solution to securing the revolution and preventing any counter-revolutions, however it was not the only factor that secured the consolidation of the revolutions. Factors such as the N.E.P (New Economic Policy) implemented by Lenin, contributed to the stability of the revolution, as it was a reform that needed to implemented for the revolution to be a success. During the course of the French and Russian Revolutions the threat of counter-revolutions always loomed. One of the threats of counter-revolutions came from the previous leaders (King Louis XVI and Tsar Nicholas II) creating an uprising to topple the revolution. King Louis XVI attempted to do this in the famous Flight To Varennes, which took place in June 1791; where Louis XVI and his Austrian wife Marie Antoinette attempted to flee France, in order to rebuild their counter-revolutionary forces. However their effort was halted and both were brought back to Paris, and taken prisoner. This showed that the old imperial leader could not be trusted, which eventually led to the death of King Louis XVI, and a major hope of any counter-revolution. It is obvious to see that force, by the death of the past leaders was necessary in order to make sure that they never regained power again, to counter the revolution. After 1792, the ...

Application of Critical Management Studies for Organisational Analysis

Application of Critical Management Studies for Organisational Analysis This report aims to use Critical Management Studies (CMS) concepts and ideas to explore specific aspects of organisational working and analyse the working of a specific business firm. CMS provides a variety of alternatives to conventional management theory that offer radically diverse perspectives and aim to transform traditional management approaches. It is essentially rooted in strong scepticism on the moral defensibility and standing, as well as on the ecological and social sustainability, of prevalent types of organisational and management structures (Adler, 2006, p 1). CMS, it is important to understand, does not focus either on the inadequate or poor management practices of specific business firms or on the personal feelings of individual organisational executives and managers (Adler, 2006, p 1). It essentially deals with the widespread social injustice and the extreme environmental negativity of mainstream economic and social structures and systems that are served and replica ted by traditional managers and conventional business organisations (Adler, 2006, p 1). In the contemporary context, CMS deals with a broad range of management issues like strategy, accounting, marketing, international relations, information systems and international business (Lazonick & Sullivan, 2000, p 13). Whilst its approach is based in broad scepticism of existing management theories, practices and structures, it focuses on pivotal, rather than marginal issues. It aims to illustrate how conventional management beliefs and practices are not just nourished by, but also serve to support and sustain disruptive, troublesome, conflict ridden, and essentially destructive contemporary structures and patterns (Sim & Van Loon, 2005, p 9). It goes on to provide alternative solutions and illustrates that the replication of such systems is not inevitable, necessary or unavoidable, but is actually dependent upon managerial thoughts and processes and therefore essentially changeable (Sim & V an Loon, 2005, p 9). Influenced by the work of numerous thinkers like Weber, Hegel and Foucault, CMS has also been shaped by a number of contemporary developments that stretch beyond the realm of academic theory and philosophical or social thought (Adler, 2006, p 5) Many established critiques of the essential aspects of modern day capitalism have been marginalised by the fall and disintegration of the left from the 1970s (Hassard, et al, 2001, p 339). The growth and development of fresh social movements has provided different critical perspectives on the function of modern day business enterprise (Alvarez, et al, 1998, p 17). The growth of the European community and the astonishing rise of China and India, as well as other emerging economies, have helped in placing dominant Anglo-American business values and models in relative positions for purposes of comparison and assessment (Ibarra-Colado, 2006, p 463). CMS is a very broad area of thought, theory and practice. The report takes u p (a) the application of CMS to a Call Centre in India, (b) Weber’s exposition of bureaucracy and (c) Transformational Leadership, with reference to Weber’s work on leadership, for study and analysis. 2.0. Application of CMS to Indian Call Centre The phenomenon of workplace bullying has for long attracted significant attention in mainstream management literature and is looked upon with concern by HR managers and organisational experts. This report deals with the application of CMS to the case study on Indian Call Centres, prepared by D’Cruz and Noronha in 2010. The two researchers conducted a phenomenological inquiry of working experiences of employees in international call centres in Bangalore and Mumbai in India and uncovered new ground in organisational etiological roles in workplace bullying. The case is considered as read and is thus not described in greater detail here.

Ankle strain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ankle strain - Essay Example Instability to the joint occurs whenever there is a fracture of any of the bones of the joint or when there is sprain. Sprain means damage to the ligament. It can be just stretching of the ligament or tearing or rupture of the ligament. Ankle sprains are the most common injuries to the ankle. In fact, they account for 85% of the injuries to the ankle (1). Most of the times the sprains are inversion sprains where the lateral ligaments are damaged.  Ã‚  This is because of the bony and soft tissue anatomy of the ankle and the fact that the lateral malleolus extends further inferiorly than the medial malleolus (2). Other types include syndesmotic sprains and eversion sprains. It is important to diagnose and treat ankle sprains appropriately to prevent symptoms of chronic instability like loss of motion, strength and proprioception (1). Sprains of the ankle account for 38-45% of all injuries in sports (1). It is more common in those who are less active and in the elderly (1). No sex predominance has been noted (1). In about 40% of those who have suffered ankle sprains, chronic instability is a sequel (1). 19 year old James was brought to the emergency department on a Saturday morning at 4 am following injury to the right ankle as he tumbled over the steps while he was returning from a party. He looked intoxicated. On admission to the casualty, he was found to be in intense pain. Examination of the right ankle revealed moderate swelling at the joint with no external bruises and decreased movements at the joint. Pain was mainly localized to the lateral side. He could bear weight on that joint but with pain. Palpation ruled out the possibility of any fractures. There was no evidence of neurovascular compromise either. Past medical history was unremarkable. A diagnosis of grade-II ankle lateral ligament sprain was made in this patient. Ice with the help of ice bag was applied locally. The affected

About the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About the workplace - Essay Example This first impression clearly explains the culture of this organization. As an English teacher, my role in this organization is to perk up the standards of English in Alrashad elementary school, act as a mentor, counselor and team builder. This is inclusive of my other roles apart from that of being a teacher in the classroom setting. With the departure of the manager, there has been perceptible communiquà © breakdown in the school for about two weeks. The environment, in this case, plays a huge role in communication and co-existing behaviour among individuals. In this case, the absence of the school manager has resulted to communication failure since the orders do not come from a central organ as before. Field analysis can be applied for managing change in the school. This entails assigning various actions to various people in the school, since field theory has been termed as a change tool. The dynamic field of the usual Alrashad elementary school is experiencing some minuses in terms of loyalty to the bosses. Change in the school can be achieved through the acting managers chairing meetings and briefs to constantly remind the staff that they are obliged to perform their roles effectively. There is a need to sign lesson attendance sheets by the educators whilst the support staff will be required to sign in on the roles performed. Assigning each field a role to play means that they will have an objective to meet at the end of the day; thus, field theory allows for implementation of the goals and mission of Alrashad elementary school even without the manager’s command. Group dynamic theory can be applied in the case of Alrashad elementary school with the absence of the manager for two weeks. On the other hand, it is evident that Alrashad elementary school is a social group that encompasses group dynamics. An application of the group dynamic theory would be useful

College Admissions Essay: Man of the Year :: College Admissions Essays

Man of the Year "You have just been named the 2015 Man/Woman of the Year. For what achievement are you being honored, and how did your college education help you reach your goal?" A well-dressed sell-out crowd fills the enormous auditorium: an auditorium with gigantic spotlights that rival the energy and luminosity of the sun. My eyes follow the lights to the well-dressed host on the stage as he exclaims: "Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the 2015 Man of the Year Awards!" The audience erupts into an applause that shakes the walls of the building, and I add a few whistles and hollers of my own. As the roar dwindles into silence, we take our seats and the host presents last year's winner, who will in turn present this year's award to the Man of the Year. My eyes dart around the room spotting celebrities, professional athletes, CEOs, and other overqualified applicants, and previous winners, but my envious search ends as the host passes on the microphone to last year's winner. "Ladies and Gentleman," begins the speaker, "here is the moment you've all been waiting for." The speaker takes a step back, responding to the force of the innumerable silent eyes now turned on him. He begins opening the envelope... "This year's winner is..." a final tear, and out comes the coveted document, "Sam Cosby!" Like the silence before a sneeze, a hush falls over the crowd before a riotous cheer fills the air. I stand up and my legs begin to carry me toward the stage as the announcer continues, "Many of you may not know Mr. Cosby, but he has made remarkable advances in the realm of biotechnology. He has received this award for his development of a revolutionary prosthetic limb repair system that can replace not only a lost appendage, but synthesize the lost nerves, creating a new fully functional arm or leg." I completed my journey to the stage and shook the speaker's hand before taking my place at the microphone. "I would like to thank my family for all of their support," I began, kicking myself for my lack of originality, but I continued, "and all of my teachers. I never would have made it this far had I not been pressured to continue in my studies by my professors.

Hills Like White Elephants Essay

In the story â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† the vague dialogue conveys an allusive tone, in order to be represented correctly the author puts more emphasis in the character’s interaction with the setting. The setting is at a stopping point before their final destination. The dialogue mainly transpires throughout between the Girl and the American. This story is based around a vague dialogue, but is filled with the observations of the setting in order to express the pressure, significance, and opinions upon the subject at hand. In order grasp these messages, the reader interprets through the vivid imagery that is depicted by the author.The style of writing conveys this picture with an intended amount of clarity to leave the rest up to the reader to elucidate. This clarification is necessary in order for the reader to truly grasp the decision at hand and the weight of it as well. A metaphorical aspect of the setting is the â€Å"Elephant in the Room [2]†. This im plies that there is a subject that no one truly wants to discuss, and is left there to fester within the subconscious of these two characters until they have finally reached their decision. Another extended metaphor throughout the story is â€Å"†¦Like White Elephants†.This symbol can be interpreted as a great gift given to a person, but it is also a heavy burden that most would not desire. At this time they are having the discussion on whether or not to have an â€Å"Operation†. There are four main aspects of the setting that reflect upon the tone. The first are the hills mentioned in the beginning of the story. The second is the isolation between the two characters within the train station, and this is mainly because of it’s opposition to the tone, The first part of the setting that is mentioned is the hills along the Ebro Valley that from their perspective has no shade or trees.The absence of shade represents the blatant manner of how the American goes a bout convincing the girl in this story. Over and over again he promises happiness if she agrees. The trees represent life she is considering having. The absence of shade also shows why there is an absence of trees. As the â€Å"sun† overwhelms the â€Å"trees† they start to wither away. For example, later in the story as another form of persuasion he says â€Å"I don’t want you to do it if you feel that way [1]† in order to coax her in to making the decision he wishes for without making it seem that he had any influence with it.This displays the American’s true intention to rid Jig and himself of the baby. The lack of shade may also symbolize the lack of thought the girl goes through for the American’s suggestions. For example, the girl does not speak Spanish and therefore relies on him in order to get her a drink, and after that she also asks him if a drink is good with water claiming that she couldn’t decide this on her own. Her dep endency on the American in these situations indicates how reliant she is on him. This is an example of why she is so incapable of making such heavy decision.The second significant aspect of the setting is the Train station. The statement â€Å"the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. [3]† this has two significant observations. The first is the fact that the station is between two lines. This means that the conversation and the two’s relationship is at a â€Å"Stop† or a crossroad. At this point they are to make an important decision about whether or not to keep the baby. In this story you’ll notice the dialogue of the girl sounds somewhat ambivalent due to the way her decision sways back and forth. This is a prime example of why.What she sees on that side ultimately depicts the choice she is about to make. For example; in the story the reader may notice that there are â€Å"no trees† along the hillside. Later in the story the American is still busy trying to convince and then she gets up and she walks to the other side of the station she notices fields of prospering vegetation full of life alongside a flowing river whose viscosity emphasizes the idea of moving forward. These enticing promises from the American paired with the barren valley are dwarfed by the cornucopia of life seen within the field on the other.The juxtaposition between the two sides represents the heaviness of the choice on whether to give life or take it. The second tone-related characteristic of this station was the drinking between the American and the girl. As the girl and the American sat, she asked him what they should drink the American suggested alcohol. The beer was a way of escaping the serious discussion the two were trying to avoid. The alcohol was a method of getting around the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† with such dry small talk as â€Å"The beer is nice and cool [4]† or â€Å"They look like white elephants†¦.. I`ve never seen one†¦no you wouldn’t have [5]†.The girl points out that this routine of â€Å"look at thing and try new drinks? [6]†has grown tiring. This is the first change in her mood that is noticed, but after this small inquiry she recedes into her submissive nature continues this throughout most of the story. The third aspect of the setting that expresses the allusive tone is the juxtaposition between the two sides of the valley. This is another example of the reader relying on the setting in order to understand the representation of the tone. One of the sides features long white hills that resemble white elephants and are without shade or any trees.White Elephants are a symbol of burden, which anyone would normally abhor from. This mainly represents the American’s view on how this pregnancy will affect the two of them and how they’ll live. He states â€Å"We`ll be fine afterwards [7]† and â€Å"That’s the only thing that bothers us. [8]† in order to convince her about the positive things that will come out of this operation. The girl later retracts the statement about the hills looking like white elephants but states â€Å"They’re lovely hills†¦.. They don’t really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring through the trees. 9]†. This portrays a sudden change within the girl; from being very submissive to what the American suggests (Reason why she sees the hills without trees and lifeless) to questioning the reason for avoiding the true matters at hand (Reason she now sees flaws in his logic and starts form optimistic views about how the baby should not have an effect on how their relationship functions. ). The trees on this side of the station ultimately resemble the life she can hope for, but the other side of the station represents a promise of homogenous happiness.This side is showcases the joys of not having to worry about the â€Å"One thing that mak es unhappy†. The fields of grain and the river appeared to represent the progress that the American promised. While the girl stares into this auspicious land a cloud’s shadow is cast upon it. This shadow foretells the future that land that would prosper will have the shadow’s influence over, meaning the American will most likely take over her will and rid her of independent thought. Moreover there have already been examples of her relying on him for the simple decisions, and taking his desires as a primary concern instead of her own.The fourth aspect setting that reflects the allusive tone is the train. This part of the story conveys a sense of pressure to the story since it occurs within a time period of 40 minutes. Also since this in an unpopulated train station the sense of isolation also has an effect on the characters. This sense of isolation forces them to face the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† no matter how much they want and they must face it within the time frame. In order to avoid â€Å"talking with her† or communication between each other he speaks to her as if his attention was omewhere else. This explains why the American’s compelling reasoning is being heard over and over again. It’s mainly because he wants her to see his view and submit to his â€Å"Suggestion†. Once his suggestions fail he entices her with promises of affluence in the future by showing her the land and saying all this could be ours. The girl once again falls under the pressure of the time frame she has to make the choice and looking for relationship security, but after her acceptance of this the American perseveres with his insistence.In response the asks for silence or otherwise she’ll scream, this symbolizes the need for seclusion in order to steal away from the constant battering and pressure of another’s thoughts. The Woman then comes out with more alcohol in order to break the tension, also adds more pressu re by saying â€Å"The train comes in five minutes. [10]†. Instead of reiterating his last point he decides to take the heavy bags to the other side of the station, and when he comes back he decides to sit at the bar instead of the table with the Girl. He asks her if she felt better now and she replies with â€Å"I feel fine†¦.There’s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine. [11]† This tells us that she has resolved the issue by herself and is ready to continue with what she desires. In conclusion, we see that the different parts of the setting portray different methods of expressing their decision due to the lack of direct dialogue. Through things such as scenery like the hills; the change in how she sees them represent how her forms and has changed from when the story started. It has also been depicted through how the different sides of the train station juxtapose one another.On one side prosperity and promising futures are seen, but on the other side the deso late, dry, and lifeless hills promise nothing but a lack of progression. Another way the train station represents the tone is the change in what the girl sees alongside the hill as she abjures her previous statement and restates the hills no longer seem like white elephants but only appear that way through the trees. This change in viewpoint shows how she is starting to no longer lean on the opinion of the American and form one of her own.This retraction of her statement also means that she no longer sees this birth as the burden or the â€Å"Only thing that makes us unhappy† anymore. And lastly the inclusion of a timeframe increase the amount of weight that is felt within the decision making process. The train shows why the American is trying to be overly-persuasive in this conversation in order to convince her to go through with the operation. Overall, Ernest Hemingway expresses the majority of the decision through the characteristics of the setting and how the characters a re willing, unwilling, or unable to interact with one another.