Vadim Torchillo. Mrs. Tucker . Honors English Period

Vadim Torchillo Mrs. Tucker Honors English; Period: 2 10 January, 2017 There’s many points of views on how loyalty is interpreted. Showing support towards one another, because of of the feeling of duty and love for eachother. Many terms such as love, friendships, and family relationships relate to it. Although all friends have their differences, loyalty overcomes the conflict between them and strengthens their friendship. George is devoted to Lennie. Both of them grew up together and stuck with each other their whole life. In my literary graphic, George and Lennie are hugging, symbolizes that they are best buddies. George Is very devoted to Lennie. George grew up with Lennie and stuck with him his whole life. For†¦show more content†¦Lennie loves George so much, that he considers him his brother. George and Lennie stayed to true to one another, attached, and devoted to one another. The relationship between Candy and his dog, George and Slim, and Lennie, and animals acknowledge loyalty. For example, my literary graphic includes in a table with men around it talking about letting go of Candy’s dog. It symbolizes the conversation Crook’s dog s age and how he suffers from his health symbolizes how Candy and his dog were glued together since he was a pup. Candy states ‘â€Å"I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. ‘He said proudly, ‘You wouldn’think it to look at him now, but he was the best†¦ sheep dog I ever seen†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(44). Candy’s dog is loyal and obeys Candy throughout his whole life. Candy has always wished the best for his dog. In addition, my literary graphic contains George mentally force to kill Lennie, this symbolizes, George not wanting Lennie to go through pain that Curley would put him through, â€Å"Slim came down directly to George and sat beside him, sat ver y close to him. ‘Never you mind†¦ a guy got to sometimes’†(107). Slim knew that George knew that the right thing to do was let Lennie go, and the consequence Lennie would have if not killed by George. He Stayed beside George for moral support. Slim knew who’s gun he had in all, but agreed with George. For instance, in my literary graphic Crooks was to stay in the barn, this symbolizes, because he’s black,

Kolbergs Stages of Moral Development - 1588 Words

THE SOVEREIGNY OF GOD AND HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY Augustine s understanding of the relationship between the sovereignty of God and human responsibility is more biblical than Cassian s view. Augustine s school of theology totally relies on God as the grace giver, however Cassian s school relies on man s merit before receiving grace. This debate has been going on since the early church and still affects the church today. Many people have different opinions and interpretations of how the Bible deals with predestination and man s free will. Augustine s understanding is more biblical due to his ability to use scripture properly, show both sides of the argument, and defend his case with better clarity. Augustine s main point is†¦show more content†¦Throughout his writing, Augustine shows a convincing biblical argument for believing that faith is a free gift from God. Augustine quotes, I obtained mercy to be a believer. He does not say, because I was a believer. Augustine is showing that to be a believer one must first ex perience mercy from God, therefore, to say that you must first be a believer to receive God s mercy would be heresy. Augustine continues this defense of the sovereignty of God by examining Ephesians 2:8. Here Paul writes to the church at Ephesus, By grace ye are saved through faith; and this not of yourselves; but it is a gift of God. This is Augustine s knockout blow to those who oppose this view. Cassian attempts to once again show facilities in this belief by also referring to Paul: By the grace of God I am what I am, yet also declares that he himself had corresponded to Divine Grace, where he says: And His Grace in me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all: and yet not I, but the Grace of God with me. For when he says: I labored, he shows the effort of his own will; when he says: Yet not I, but the grace of God, he points out the value of Divine protection; when he says: with me, he affirms that it co-operates with him when he was not idle or careless, but working and making an effort. Cassian attempts to show that grace and works are co-dependent of eachShow MoreRelatedTheories And Research Of Educational Psychology1615 Words   |  7 Pagesrounded curriculum. Piaget was the first to create a systematic study of cognitive development, and although he did not specifically relate his theory to education others have gone on to do so. This has had many implications in schools, especially in the United Kingdom. One key idea of his is the concept of readiness. This idea suggests that what children learn is determined by their current stage of cognitive development, i.e. a child cannot learn certain activities until they are biologically ‘ready’

Words Are Mightier Than the Sword Free Essays

Ayoub Awadalla Prof. Brumfield October 9, 2012 Words Are Mightier Than The Sword The story â€Å"By Any Other Name,† by Santha Rau, explains the memory of the writer’s first and last week as a student at an Anglo-Indian school. Santha Rau speaks about the happy, sad, and embarrassing moments she had in school. We will write a custom essay sample on Words Are Mightier Than the Sword or any similar topic only for you Order Now She also speaks about how earning a â€Å"valid† education, in western terms, is difficult to achieve in India. When someone is in an environment where it is typical to hear insensitive and irresponsible language, s/he will likely become insensitive and irresponsible. Insensitive and irresponsible speech typically becomes a chain reaction. Once someone speaks or says an insensitive or irresponsible thing, the other person will follow with being insensitive and irresponsible. An example was when Permila, Santha’s older sister, was getting ready to take a test, but the teacher made her and the other Indian kids sit in the back with a desk in between each other. The teacher said, â€Å"It was because Indians cheat. Once Permila heard this insensitive statement, she stormed out of her class, marched into Santha’s class and told her â€Å"get up, were going home. † When she got to Santha’s class, the teacher smiled at her in a kindly and encouraging way and said â€Å"now, you’re little Cynthia’s sister? † Permila wore a poker face that did not betray a single emotion. Treating Santha’s teacher with an insensitive way, just like her teacher treated her. Changing a name of a child is a confusing m atter for the child to understand. A child is a stranger when it comes down to lying. Most children, from ages of 3-6, are innocent and do not know how to lie. The head mistress changed Permila’s name to Pamela, and Santha’s name to Cynthia. Santha was too young to understand and was okay with the name changing. Permila kept a â€Å"stubborn silence† while Santha replied, â€Å"thanks you. † And when the teacher asked Santha for her name, she replied, â€Å"I don’t know. † She was confused; thus, did not know if she should say her real name, or the new name she received from the head mistress. This act by the head mistress was very irresponsible. She was too lazy to call Santha, her real name, so she gave her an artificial name. Being rude, insensitive, or speaking irresponsibly to someone will most likely cause him or her to be rude, insensitive, or speak irresponsibly to you too. One must be carful of what s/he speaks, because what comes around, goes around. Just like the head mistress spoke to the girls insensitively and irresponsibly, they both left the school and never went back. How to cite Words Are Mightier Than the Sword, Papers

Media Scan Persuasive Content Analysis

Question: Discuss about theMedia Scanfor Persuasive Content Analysis. Answer: Introduction Today the world is overloaded with information. World of internet is bombarded with news from every corner of the world. With information as tool, the global population is becoming more aware. People are more informed citizens. Everyone wants to improve their lives. Newspapers and world media is of course on changing pace. Todays world is dynamic and needs news from every walk of life. News organisations have a challenging and competitive demand to fulfil. Catering to different categories of public across the globe is itself a big task to do. Like any other field of writing, scientific writing has been also growing and flexing its muscles. Imparting knowledge of science to non-science people was a challenging task from very beginning. The science communicators have always faced the difficulty to give effective news to public. In our analysis of five stories taken from: 1 New York Times (NEWSPAPER) 2 The Globe and Mail (NEWSPAPER) 3 The GUARDIAN (NEWSPAPER) 4 DISCOVERY CHANNEL (SCIENCE TELEVISION CHANNEL) 5 Big Bang Theory. (TELEVISION SITCOM BASED ON SCIENCE DRAMA.) Persuasive content in newspaper articles are quite direct in nature. The papers have put less effort in creativity of language. It also reflects the target audiences. The content has more of data less of explanations. Either the articles are intensive readings or have ample of technical terms which makes reader tedious and exhaustive. Television drama about scientific knowledge reaches to much wider audiences than news articles and published materials. Media scholars suggest that impact of television sitcom haves greater impact on audiences. It is more interesting and powerful than any other communication path ( Mark 2007). In our study we took an example of a famous sitcom. The big bang theory which blends the heavy scientific stories with humour has made great impact on the society. The message is more engaging. Instead of boring statistic and figures the concepts are portrayed through the characters. Policies and government initiatives are shown through serials. Discussion taking place at your television screen with best actors has greater impact than any other form of science communication. Newspapers cover a great variety of subjects in any given issues and the flow of information through newspapers are continuous (Davis 2016).Science and technology coverage in newspapers have raised but needs more focus. Media coverage is less than any other beat. Science sections are needed to be more engaging and need creative writings.( Semenuik 2016). Effectiveness of the news stories have been always less than political news. Though there is increase in interest for science news stories but the newspapers are not completely successful in providing the effective matter to public. Science fiction and sitcoms have a positive effect on different type of audience but at the same time production of such sitcoms are costlier. This media scan concludes on the statement that daily newspapers need to give more attention to make the effective flow of information. (Renolyd 2016) Part 2 Proposal For Public Communication Initiative Most newspapers and news outlet gives direct and tedious information to audiences. Science stories are difficult to communicate and need different outlook as in writing. My topic of choice is persuasive writing language to catch publics attention in science communication. Newspapers language and presentation are important to make an effective outflow of information. Science communication aims to generate support for research work and for effective policy and ethical thinking. There should be increased emphasis on explaining methods rather than just the statistics and data. Living in a technologically sound society background scientific knowledge can help this world. Objective The objective of this outline is to provide a constructive solution for science communication through persuasive language. Science communication is needed to be pushed for the benefit of public and scientists. Scientist are able to communicate to non-scientist, it builds support for science, promotes understandings to non-science audience. It can also make science accessible to audience that are usually been excluded from the process of science. It can help make science more diverse and inclusive. To make it inclusive, effective writing plays major role. Science communication can be analysed various frames. Target audience, public accountability, runaway technology and questioning on the reliability of scientific theories are difficulties faced by science writers (Scott 2003). Target audience of science communication are common public with non-science background. Newspapers can be more creative in terms of explaining various facts. Instead of just giving examples and figures anecdotes can be used to explain various technical terms. Illustrations can be used to make understand various core scientific study. Cartoon characters are useful for implying better understanding of concept. Besides traditional journalism, online media also play a vital role in passing on the information to the society over all. These online blogs are written in an easy and interesting language can cater to people effectively. High quality information produced by professional journalist and scientist can make a great impact on the society. Traditional media also produces more information of higher quality. Beside print media radio and television Caters to lot of people. Effective writings of dramas and science sitcoms can make it more engaging. Writing as per market demand can create environment for more funds to help scientific research. So effective science communication can help scientists to create environment for raising funds. More non-science people get entertain and understand science stories will of course be a bridge to connect research world and society. References Davis ,N.(2017, February, 6)..Lumpy, hairy, toe like fossils could reveal the evolution of molluscs. The Guardian Discovery channel https://www.sciencechannel.com/ Harrison Clair. Understanding How Still Image Make Meaning Visual social semiotics. Page 56 Mark Cendrowski,(Director).(2007) The Big bang theory (Television series). United states, https://www.youtube.com/user/thebigbangtheory. Nunn .Z. Clyde, Readership and coverage of science and technology in newspaper. Reynold G. (2016, February, 18). How Meditation changes the brain and body. New York Times. Scott. Karen, D, (2003). Popularizing science and nature programming: the role of spectacle in contemporary wildlife documentary, journal of popular film and television, 31:1, 29-35. Semenuik, I. (2016 December, 22).Canadian vaccine for Ebola virus proves highly effective in Guinea Trail. The Globe and Mail.

What I Know To Be True.... free essay sample

Someone once told me that to write well, you have to write what you know. This is what i know -Drew Barrymore in Never Been Kissed I always had a fetish with notebooks and pens. Everytime I enter a Walgreens or CVS i always walk out with some a new journal and an array of ball point pens. It wasnt until the second grade when I realized that what I had here was more than an obsession with office supplies. My second grade teacher and I had an impeccable bond. He was my instructor, my role model, and my hero. (No, I didnt have a little school girl crush on him.) I remember the first time i gave him one of my thrown together work of art (my first short story). When i handed it to him, he gave me his usual corky smirk, it usually meant he knew i was up to something. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Know To Be True. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, he sure was right because the short story turned into a passion. Im now in Journalism II, and a copy editor of my schools newspaper. But, I write this today not to show you how creative my writing is or to show you my accomplishments. Im here to tell you that my writing will go far, becuase this i know to be true.

Competitor Analysis- Boeing Essays

Competitor Analysis- Boeing Essays Competitor Analysis- Boeing Paper Competitor Analysis- Boeing Paper Competitor Analysis Product These two companies Boeing and Airbus in the Aviation Industry, there have always been various airframe producers which were competing against each other. Throughout the years, two of them gained the majority of the market share. The American company Boeing has been the market leader for a very long period of time, until Airbus outturned them for the first time in 2002. In recent years, Airbus has put itself at the top of the aircraft-building world with the A380, the whale of a plane that is the largest passenger jet in the world. In year 2011 Boeing has introduced the 747-8 International, the revamped version of the class 747 it calls the Queen of the Skies. We broke down the numbers in categories, based on size, power, capacity, luxury, availability, and more to compare this two aircraft. By comparing the capacity, Boeing’s 747-8I has a maximum capacity of 467 passengers. The Airbus A380 usually holds around 500 passengers, but has room for as many as 853. The Boeing’s wing span is 224. 6 feet. The A380 spreads out over 261. 7 feet. The 747-8I is more than 250 feet long, the A380 measures 238 feet. In fact, the 747-8I is the world’s longest passenger aircraft. By comparing weight and power, the 737-8I can take off with a weight of 987,000 pounds, and produces 66,500 pounds of thrust, the A380’s maximum takeoff weight is 1,235,000 pounds, and it produces up to 70,000 pounds of thrust. That gives the 747-8I more power per pound. Boeing’s jet can go 11,443 miles in the air, for A380 can only do 9,756 miles. The difference mean the 747-9I can fly New York to Sydney without stopping, but the A380 cannot. Next, comparing the availability, so far, Lufthansa, Cathay Pacific, Korea Air, and a few other airlines have placed orders with Boeing. The A380 has been around longer, and is flown by Air France, Emirates, Qantas, Lufthansa, British Airways, Korea Air, Virgin Atlantic, and more. Because the A380 has been around longer, its easier to get on board. About 1st class luxury, First class on a Lufthansa 747-8I includes a personal locker and an especially wide seat that goes fully flat for comfortable sleeping, in the other way Emirates A380s first class includes two lounges, private suites, and a shower spa. For travelers looking for top of the line luxury, there are better choices offered by airlines flying the A380. By comparing the price, Boeing sells the Queen of the Skies for $351. 4 million. A new Airbus A380 is more expensive, at $389. 9 million. The Boeing 747-8I is new and the A380 has been in service for several years, which accounts for some of the differences. Boeings jet has a lot going for it, especially the fact that it is the newer aircraft. But for those looking to get in the air today, the Airbus A380 is bigger, more luxurious, and more available. Competitor Analysis Company Technology Airbus sought to compete with the well-established Boeing in the 1970s through its introduction of advanced technology. For example, the A300 made the most extensive use of composite materials yet seen in an aircraft of that era, and by automating the flight engineers functions, was the first large commercial jet to have a two-man flight crew. In the 1980s Airbus was the first to introduce digital fly-by-wire controls into an airliner (the A320). With Airbus now an established competitor to Boeing, both companies use advanced technology to seek performance advantages in their products. For example, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner is the first large airliner to use composites for most of its construction. Currency Boeings production costs are mostly in United States dollars, whereas Airbus production costs are mostly in euros. When the dollar appreciates against the euro the cost of producing a Boeing aircraft rises relatively to the cost of producing an Airbus aircraft, and conversely when the dollar falls relative to the euro it is an advantage for Boeing. There are also possible currency risks and benefits involved in the way aircraft are sold. Boeing typically prices its aircraft only in dollars, while Airbus, although pricing most aircraft sales in dollars, has been known to be more flexible and has priced some aircraft sales in Asia and the Middle East in multiple currencies. Depending on currency fluctuations between the acceptance of the order and the delivery of the aircraft this can result in an extra profit or extra expense - or, if Airbus has purchased insurance against such fluctuations, an additional cost regardless. Safety Both aircraft manufacturers have good safety records on recently manufactured aircraft. By convention, both companies tend to avoid safety comparisons when selling their aircraft to airlines. Most aircraft dominating the companies current sales, the Boeing 737-NG and Airbus A320 families and both companies wide-body offerings, have good safety records. Older model aircraft such as the Boeing 727, the original Boeing 737s and 747s, Airbus A300 and Airbus A310, which were respectively first flown during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, have had higher rates of fatal accidents. According to Airbus John Leahy, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner battery problems will not cause customers to switch airplane supplier. Also, Boeing has recently re-designed the battery system for the Dreamliner so that it is impossible for it to catch fire. Flight testing is underway, and the 787 should soon return to flight. The worlds safest commercial jetliner is the Boeing 777, with no fatalities. The A380 closely follows, but has made less flight so far, and has only been in service for a recent number of years. Outsourcing Because many of the worlds airlines are wholly or partially government owned, aircraft procurement decisions are often taken according to political criteria in addition to commercial ones. Boeing and Airbus seek to exploit this by subcontracting production of aircraft components or assemblies to manufacturers in countries of strategic importance in order to gain a competitive advantage. For example, Boeing has maintained longstanding relationships with Japanese suppliers including Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries by which these companies have had increasing involvement on successive Boeing jet programs, a process which has helped Boeing achieve almost total dominance of the Japanese market for commercial jets. Outsourcing was extended on the 787 to the extent that Boeings own involvement was reduced to little more than project management, design, assembly and test operation, outsourcing most of the actual manufacturing all around the world. Boeing has since stated that it outsourced too much and that future airplane projects will depend far more on its own engineering and production personnel. Partly because of its origins as a consortium of European companies, Airbus has had fewer opportunities to outsource significant parts of its production beyond its own European plants. However, in 2009 Airbus opened an assembly plant in Tianjin, China for production of its A320 series airliners.

An investigation into service quality and satisfaction level in 4 star Essay

An investigation into service quality and satisfaction level in 4 star UK hotel industry - Essay Example Hotels are an important part of the tourism industry and with the trend to globalization, there have been an increasing number of hotels cropping up, offering a wide range of facilities to customers. Four and Five star hotels cater to the affluent public as well as members of the business community and stand out from the other hotels in that they are associated with quality products and superior levels of services. This is why customers are also prepared to pay higher rates at such hotels, on the basis of brand recognition and expectations of a superior level of service. Within the UK, the hospitality industry is highly competitive and service levels are a vital factor in ensuring a steady supply of customers to enhance productivity of these hotels. Travel and tourism are booming today and several studies have already been carried out on the levels of passenger and hotel resident satisfaction across the globe. The impact of services and facilities available at hotels and their impact upon tourist satisfaction have also been assessed in other studies; however the number of studies that have examined the impact of these services in terms of customer perception specifically at four star hotels in the UK are fewer. This study could therefore help to provide more insight into this area and add to the pool of existing research. Hotels play an important role in tourism business [Medik and Ingram, 2000], since they serve as a venue for the conducting of important business transactions as well as tourist and holiday destinations, providing an area where monies are spent. The quality of the accommodation offered at the hotels plays a vital role in their selection by people who use them [Cooper et al, 1996]. ]. In the atmosphere of fierce global competition that exists in today’s world, adopting the best practices in respect to the management and execution of business has assumed importance in terms of enhancing productivity

Just in Time Applications in Construction Projects Essay

Just in Time Applications in Construction Projects - Essay Example to production, general quality of work, design changes, material quality and availability, material handling and movement, safety, labor availability, capacity utilization, etc" (Akintoye, 1995: 105). In certain activities, an excess could be considered as a waste that results in zero-value and therefore needs to be minimized. Managing materials procurement is a vital process that has direct influence on a project’s cost. "A study shows the cost of materials and equipment constitutes approximately 60% of the projects cost" (Akintoye, 1995: 105; Marsh, 1985). Therefore, controlling materials procurement activities starting from the supplier warehouse through the delivery process until storage on construction sites is essential. Nevertheless, there is still a lag in managing materials procurement properly because of changes during execution stage of construction. Bell and Wooten say that "a materials management system could produce an improvement of almost 12% in craft labor productivity" (Bell and Wooten, 1985). Consequently, improved labor productivity leads to a reduction in construction cost; this is beneficial to contractors in terms of profitability and competitive position, to construction clients in terms of reduced bidding prices, and to the construction industry in terms of the increase in construction that can be produced for the same amount. A good practice that has been developed that focuses on organizing and managing the materials procurement process is Just-in-Time (JIT) system. Combining component measures of materials management to formulate decisions the entire process is a very complex obstacle. Based on Construction Industry Institute’s (1988) findings, certain key attributes of components were identified along with their measures of their performance to monitor and help ensure effective materials management. These attributes and measures are listed in the following checklist: Field Material Control: Materials control integrated with other

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome Term Paper

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome - Term Paper Example By looking at the vast span of the empire at that time, dome structures was almost everywhere. From the temples, churches, up to the administrative buildings, the dome was a clear Roman mark in the Roman urban zones. By looking at the existing structures of today, it is clear that the Romans directly influenced modern day engineers and architects. Arenas, stadiums and government buildings are the favored pieces that exemplify the classical Roman built. In fact, the Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. in the US is one of the premier heirs of this type of architecture. Also, the presence of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican could also attest to the influence of the Romans. Indeed, the fall of Rome did not hinder the end of its influential art and architecture. From the Middle-Ages, the Renaissance, up to the dawn of the 18th to the 19th centuries, the spirit of the Romans are present in building structures. With the remarkable Pantheon as the culmination of the ingenious Roman dom e, this paper would concentrate on the spherical spatial design of the structure. It will explain the prevalence of these kinds of structures and their significance in the Roman society at that time. By historicizing the Pantheon and narrating the context when it was built, this paper would arrive to a closer answer that pertains to the meanings of the spheres and curvatures that dominate the Pantheon. This paper will then delve into a more focused analysis of its interior. It will try to connect the presence of the pillars to the importance of the spherical feel that the Pantheon creates in its layout. The utter shift from a pagan to a Christian worship will also be explained in this paper. The importance of the dome to the pagans and the Christians will be viewed as varying interpretations based on their respective tenets and beliefs. This paper on the Pantheon’s spherical built is intended to shed light on the mysteries that surround the architecture of this Roman structur e. By the end of this study, it should give a clear understanding on the harmony and the coordination of every detail within the Pantheon. The different interpretations of the pagan and Christian should be evident and conclusive as well. For the fulfilment of this research, it will take into account various secondary sources such as books and journal articles. The historical methodology will be used in order to corroborate information and to explain the arguments of the topic at hand. The Roman Context: the Pantheon and the Society in the 1st Century Before doing an analysis on the predominance of the spherical Roman structures and its obvious use in the Pantheon, a brief narrative of the Roman society should be explained in order to contextualize the matter at hand. During the 1st century, the Roman Republic had been expanding rapidly and was transforming into an empire. The principle of expansionism was the primary rationale of the Romans’ will to subject the whole Mediterr anean under its control. At the dawn of that century, the concept of the republic was rightfully replaced with the title of the empire, primarily due to the vast expanse of its territories (Hollister, 183-189). Under the Principate, the leadership of the princep or the â€Å"first prince† caused a conquest which produced frontiers from the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the east, the Atlantic in

The Bauhaus Movement: Characteristics and History

The Bauhaus Movement: Characteristics and History Introduction From the expression Bauhaus we still feel something fresh. In every day speech it is associated with the beginning of the modernism and it is invoking in us association with basic forms (square, triangle and circle), basic colours (red, yellow and blue), furniture from the metal, white architecture and functionalism. History of the small school that Bauhaus was, is a mixture of facts and interpretation from different sources. But Bauhaus was the phoenix that every generation understands differently. For us, Bauhaus is a symbol of rationalization and modernity of lifestyle, where we cannot find any unnecessary comfort. At the same time, it is an enemy for the conservative culture. We can say that Bauhaus has been connected with left wing all the time. For Nazi Germany Bauhaus was culturally Bolshevik, international and Jewish. But Nazis used the modern devices of the Bauhaus very often. Almost all members of the Bauhaus emigrated and lot of Jewish relatives were killed. In German Democratic republic, where the main school (Weimar and Dessau) was established, Bauhaus was denied till sixties. After that, they started to integrate it to their cultural heritage. On other hand, for the Federal Republic of Germany, Bauhaus was the main part of modernism. A Graphic design of Bauhaus acknowledges this historical concept and invites readers to take a fresh look at the facts about typography and advertising and printing workshop at the Bauhaus school. It is for the first time in ninety years after establishment of the most successful art academy of twentieth century, the Graphic design of Bauhaus, which brings together works of graphic design from three different schools of Bauhaus located in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin. The team has brought the numerous treasures of the collections of the masters such as Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Joost Schmidt and Herbert Bayer. We wish that the readers will enjoy A Graphic design of Bauhaus and they will focus and concentrate on the creativity of the Bauhaus. Historical evolution When the Germany was established in 1871 it experienced change from the agrarian state into industrial. The reform artists of secession from Darmstadt, Munich and Dresden brought to Germany movement of Arts and Crafts from England, which was actually an opposition to industrialization. The new school that was set up in that period was characterised by different workshops, the most famous schools were Art school in Munich and Art and craft school in Weimar set up by Henry van de Velde in 1908. In 1907 Deutcher Werkbund (Union of German art), which conciliated between capitalism and culture was set up in Munich. In 1910, Walter Gropius became a member of Deutcher Werkbund, where he organized an exhibition of industrial works and during that time he gained a lot of experience for leading Bauhaus school. During the war, Gropius was very good leader and during that four-year period he was very quickly promoted to embarkation officer. After the war, in 1919, he continued his discussion with Velde about his succession. When he returned to Saxony, the School of art was closed and the only school that existed there was School of arts and crafts. He wanted to unite both schools and both schools accepted it. This was his first step for the Bauhaus school. Architects, painters, sculptors, we must all return to crafts! For there is no such thing as professional art. There is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. The artist is an exalted craftsman. By the grace of Heaven and in rare moments of inspiration which transcend the will, art may unconsciously blossom from the labour of his hand, but a base in handicrafts is essential to every artist. It is there that the original source of creativity lies. Let us therefore create a new guild of craftsmen without the class-distinctions that raise an arrogant barrier between craftsmen and artists! Let us desire, conceive, and create the new building of the future together. It will combine architecture, sculpture, and painting in a single form, and will one day rise towards the heavens from the hands of a million workers as the crystalline symbol of a new and coming faith. Walter Gropius Weimar (1919 1925) Walter Gropius wanted to create an architecture school that will reflect the time after the World War I. In 1919 he published manifesto of Bauhaus, which was focused against academic reform for art school. Main idea of the manifest was co-operation between craftsmen and artists. According to the other universities, Gropius reached back to the old model of craftsmans guilds. At the early age of Bauhaus was founded organization so study that was base of Bauhaus: the successful admissions examination, all students had to attend one year of preparation course called Vorkurs (primary course) a sort of trial semester, where they learned the sense for colours, materials, structures and they developed certain skills. After this preparation they were divided into workshops to earn a certificate of apprenticeship and simultaneously underwent artistic training. Between years 1919 and 1923 Bauhaus was strongly influenced by expressionism. After that, when Gropius talked about the school, he did not want to accept similarity of the De Stijl, the school he was very much against. In 1923, Bauhaus changed the direction and ideas. At that time, they were influenced by functionalism (they co-operated with Neue Sachlichkeit movement). In February 1924, social-democratic government, which has been supportive of Bauhaus, lost the main control in parliament to Nationalists. As the school was dependent on the government grants, and in 1925 Gropius signed less financing than was necessary for the schools budget, at the end of same year Bauhaus had to be closed in Weimar. Dessau (1925 1932) When the Bauhaus had to move out, under the pressure of conservatives and rightists, several cities offered to take it over. But the Bauhaus decided to move to Dessau, because they offered them to build a new school. At that time, school was entering a new era. The lessons officially started on April 1st 1925. The Bauhaus program was changed; what was important at that time, was connection between creativity and industry. In 1927 Walter Gropius called for Hannes Meyer, who became a leader of architecture department. In 1928 when Gropius resigned, Meyer became a director of the Bauhaus. This change was very important for Bauhaus because Meyer introduced the extension of the scientific basis of teaching methods and artworks became more scientific. For teaching the lectures at the school leading experts across the entire field of philosophy, psychology, and physics were invited. Now in the workshops, students began to produce standard products that became available for majority of population. Meyer raised the number of students to 200, what was not very good for school, because it has lost the elite character. Bauhaus had to be accessible to the proletariat. In 1930 Meyer was replaced by new director Mies van der Rohe, who kept the distance from any political stance. He wanted students to be primarily educated technically, artistically and in the crafts, so the education looked back to the Weimar basis. As director of Bauhaus, he had to face to lot of problems, school did not receive public construction contracts, and the city had reduced the its funding. He also had to face to the growing hostility towards Bauhaus in Dessau. Berlin (1932 1933) When the Nazi Party was becoming to the power, many of the members labelled the Bauhaus un-German and they accused the school from the Bolshevik subversive activities. Bauhaus was forced to move to Berlin in 1932, since when it was a private school only, but circumstances forced the director to close the school in April 1933. Political tension As the director of Bauhaus, Mies van der Rohe, had to face a lot of difficulties, which mainly occurred during financial crisis in 1929 and also the enemies to Bauhaus in Dessau. City reduced financial funding dedicated to Bauhaus. Budgets in years 1931 and 1932 were lower than spending appraised by Meyer. The similar public contracts, that Gropius and Meyer received; did not come. The space in Bauhaus building had to cleared for technical school that had more than 1400 students (meanwhile Bauhaus had only around 170 students), so the Bauhaus could use only one floor with seven ateliers. Strong student communistic party also existed at Bauhas. The last issue of their magazine was printed in Berlin in 1932, which was strongly supported by many students. Groups of students orientated to the right also existed there. In 1933, after school was closed, they made a petition for re-opening it. Mies van der Rohe aided also the spiritual sight of Bauhaus with lot of seminars. He invited philosophers such as Helmuth Plessner and Hans Freyer, who taught by anthropologies regularity. Preliminary course One of the most important innovations in teaching at Bauhaus was preliminary course. At the beginning, this course was only one semester long. but later it changed into two semesters and what was important about this course was the fact, that every student had to pass it. After that it had to be decided, if the student is able to study further or not. From 1919, the course was lead by Johannes Itten, who made some specific rules that were irrational, but from the winter semester 1920/21 they were obligatory. As Itten became the big opponent for Gropiuss new orientation for industry and productivity, in 1923 he decided to leave school. After that Gropius made a big revision of preliminary course. From 1924 the courses first semester was lead by Josef Albers and more practical than the second one lead by Laszlo Moholy-Nagy that had more theoretical aspects. Josef Albers lead the course as education of crafts and it was understood as creators education. Moholy-Nagy preliminary course was well known by its three major areas that it was focused on. The first one consisted on learning how to combine elements. The second one was focused on exercises to distinguish composition from construction. And the last one, probably the most famous, was focused on three dimensional study designs. The course was mainly about how to create objects from simple elements and materials. Hannes Meyer, the director of Bauhaus from the year 1928, the necessity of the preliminary course confirmed. From 1930 the course was changed into courses of Gestapsychology (psychology of form), sociology and social economy. In the same year the communistic students asked for (total) discontinuation of the preliminary course. In 1930, director Mies van der Rohe declared the preliminary course as voluntary. He introduced the exam at the end of all semesters, that declared who is able to continue study further or not. According to these exams, the preliminary course lost the meaning of choosing talented students, homogenization of students and education to creativity. But the Mies van der Rohe enlarged the preliminary course for the architects of free drawings without instruments, because he wanted to develop their visual abilities. Albers led this course as well. In 1938, the preliminary course was changed into visual training course that had to prepare students to vision in context. From todays point of view, the preliminary course was missing historical, nature and economic context. Workshops For Walter Gropius, the workshops were the most important part of education in Bauhaus. The first concept was, that after the passing preliminary course, the student should start studying to be an architect. This idea has never changed into reality, because at the time when Gropius was director on Bauhaus, the architect department existed just for one year from 1927 to 1928. So we can say, that during his time, Bauhaus had to reform education system of art and crafts. In Weimar Bauhaus these workshops existed: the ceramics, the weaving, the metal, joinery, the wall painting, the woodcarving and stone sculpture. Besides the workshops, theater group, graphic editions and printing workshop also existed there. In Dessau, some of the workshops were put together into one workshop, or the name had been changed, or it was discontinued. Finally, only seven workshops existed: the metal, joinery, woodcarving, wall painting, the printing and advertising, sculpture and the theatre. The teaching of architecture on Bauhaus existed from the year 1927, when three other workshops were formed. After that, it was easier to get the architecture education: the students needed just one year of experience in of the workshops. Lot of students abandoned Bauhaus with journeyman certificate or diploma and they never studied architecture. It mostly happened during the time when Hannes Mayer was the director of the Bauhaus. Hannes Mayer, as a new director, started with some of the changes. He grouped some of the workshops; he totally discontinued the woodcarving workshops, because the main teacher, Oskar Schlemmer, left the school in 1929. He set up a new workshop for photography, but he wanted to group this workshop with the printing and advertising workshop. So we can say, that during the period when he was in charge, Bauhaus was mainly education institution for designers and architectures. Everything changed when Mies van den Rohe became the director. After that it was possible to study architecture also without passing the preliminary course. At that time, Bauhaus was mainly orientated to the architecture. The biggest problem of workshops at that time was, that on one hand the workshop represented pedagogic principle but on other hand students had to gain some money by their works. From expressionism to constructivism The first years of Bauhaus, 1919 1921, were very expressionistic but Walter Gropius was strongly against De Stijl that was very similar to Bauhaus. In year 1923 Bauhaus was ruled by motto art and technique new unity that was characteristic till 1928. But the big change came in 1922, with the first sign being the change of the logo; expressionistic cachet of Bauhaus with star man from Karl Peter Rohl changed into constructivism head of man designed by Oskar Schlemmer. Expressionism, that was politicized after 1918 such as cathedral of socialism was now out and De Stijl movement became very popular, mainly because of painter and theoretic Theo van Doesburg. From April 1921, Doesburg lived in Weimar and intensively cooperated with Bauhaus. He strongly influenced not only students but also teachers. He talked about De Stijl mostly and he abhorred craft that was studied on Bauhaus and he asked to use modern technologies to create a modern life. He thought that artists shouldnt present their spiritual life or emotions but they should know their responsibility for creating the unity of the world. He did not allow all of the materials and he used just basic colours (red, blue and yellow) combining with no-colours (black, white and grey) but they could be combined in whole, rectangular areas. The creativity was balancing opposite meaning of the expressing tools: black and white, yellow and blue, horizontal with vertical, vacuum and matter. He attributed the creativity of space to the colour, that was popular in wall painting workshop. Doesburg theory was combination of variety of knowledge. Countervailing of opposites had to come to the achievement of true and beauty of universe. It was followed by belief in machines. The change from expressionism to constructivism started by group of Hungarian students. For them constructivism meant: constrictive, utilitarian, rational and international. Not only students changed their style but also teachers e.g. Kandinsky made geometrical their expressionistic art language. Composition of Paul Klee became more rationalistic; stroke of the brush and coating of colours was less personal, technical look. Schlemmer developed the theory of art, where he connected the basic human movements such as standing, swimming and walking with elementary ideas combining the basic ideas of De Stijl and constructivism. When Hungarian painter Laszlo Moholy-Nagy entered to Bauhaus in 1923, he changed his expressionistic past into constructivism art language. Until the year 1928 Bauhaus was influenced by different influence, that was not only from his own teacher but also from outside architects and designer suggestions. Alter Adolph Gropius (* 18. may, 1883, Berlin, German Empire †  5. July, 1969, Boston, USA) He was born into the architect family. He started studies to be an architect in 1903 in Munich and he finished in 1907 in Berlin. He cooperated with Mies van der Rohe, Dietrich, Le Corbusier, Arcks and Adolf Meyer. But his biggest carrier started when he became a director of Grand-Ducal Saxon School of Arts and Crafts in 1919. He transformed whole school into world famous Bauhaus. But under the pressure from conservative party he had to move from Weimar to Dessau in 1924, where he started to teach in more modern way. In Dessau he built the building for school, houses for masters and himself, everything built in a functionalism style. He also built habitation Torten in Dessau, where he created new urban concept, where houses were built in parallel and the main communication was connected to them perpendicular. He left the school in 1928, but he continued working as an architect. Between years 1929 and 1956 he was vice-president of CIAM (Congres International dArchitecture Moderne). In 1934 he had to immigrate to London but then he moved to the USA, where he became a professor at Harvard University, where he modernized education system. He built lot of famous building worldwide such as John. F Kennedy Federal Office Building in Boston; Pan Am Building in New York; University of Bagdad, etc. Ludwig Mies van den Rohe (* 27. march, 1886, Aachen †  19. august, 1969, Chicago) He got his first experience from his father who had his own stone-carving shop. In 1905 he moved to Berlin, where he got job by architect and furniture designer Bruno Paul. He designed his first work when he was just 21 years old. He set up his own office in 1912. We can see that he tried to connect architecture with techniques in his work. He was the first one to use flat roof and cubistic material. Between 1930 and 1933 he became director of Bauhaus, but he had to face very complicated situation, so in 1938 he immigrated to the USA. He was famous because of his sentence less is more and his Brno chair is so famous that is still produced nowadays. We can find his buildings worldwide e.g. villa Tugendhat in Brno, Seagram Building in New York, National Gallery in Berlin, etc. Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (July 20, 1895 November 24, 1946), chyba hviezdicka a krizik He was born into Jewish Hungarian family but he changed his German surname into Hungarian surname after his aunt and he added his second name after the city where he grew up. He studied law in Budapest and he met with constructivism in Vienna for the first time. In 1923 he came to Bauhaus where he started to teach preliminary course because Johannes Itten left the school. We can say, that it was the end of his expressionism carrier and as we know, the Bauhaus was well known school, because of versatility of artists and he was no exception. Later at the Bauhaus he focused on photography and typography, but his main passion was preliminary course, where he gave students very complicated tasks to solve. From 1925 to 1928 he cooperated with Herbert Bayer in printing workshop and his responsibility was graphic edition of almost all books printed by Bauhaus. Moholy-Nagy was against the typical photography and he tried to teach his students to see and present world by different perspective and he taught students to use the modernist techniques. He used different techniques such as montage, inversion of light values, double illumination, etc. Officially, the photography was learnt at the Bauhaus since 1929, but at that time, he was not more in school. In 1928 he moved to Berlin and after that he travelled through Europe and finally he moved in 1937 to Chicago where he lived till his death. Hannes Meyer (* 18. November 1889 †  19. July 1954) He was born in Switzerland and practised as an architect in different countries such as Switzerland, Belgium and Germany. Meyers design philosophy is reflected in the following quote: 1. sex life, 2. sleeping habits, 3. pets, 4. gardening, 5. personal hygiene, 6. weather protection, 7. hygiene in the home, 8. car maintenance, 9. cooking, 10. heating, 11. exposure to the sun, 12. services In 1926 he established his own company with his friend and during that time, he produced his two most famous projects for the Geneva League of Nations Building and Basel Petersschule. Unfortunately none was built. In 1927 he came to Bauhaus as a teacher of architecture and only one year later he became to be a director. A lot of changes to the education system came with him, the most important being enlargement of the theoretical scientist base of education. He was a good example of extreme functionalism and he was strongly against art part of architecture. During that time, many good teachers left the school e.g. Herbert Bayer and Macel Breuer. During the holidays in 1930, he had to leave Bauhaus, because of his strict communistic thinking. He moved to Moscow where he formed group Left Column. Consequently, he moved to Switzerland, Mexico and back to Switzerland where he died in 1954. Herbert Bayer (Hagg, Austria, 1900 Santa Bà ¡rbara, United States, 1985), chyba hviezdicka a krizik He was one of the students at the Bauhaus being taught by e.g. Wassily Kandinsky, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and meno Gropius. After his studying, he was named to be a director of printing and advertising workshop. One of his characters was that he used only sans serif typefaces for almost all of the Bauhaus publications. In 1925 he created his own typeface called Universal today known as Bayer Universal. He left the school in 1928 and he moved to Berlin where he became to be the director for German magazine Vogue. Ten years later, he escaped from Nazi Germany to New York, where made carrier almost in every possible aspect of graphic art. He stayed in the USA till his death and he produced phonetic alphabet for English. It was basically again sans serif typeface but without capital letters. He became one of the most influential graphic designers of the twentieth century. Printing and advertising workshop During seven years of existence, 1925 1932, printing and advertising workshop changed completely. Each director had main role for this workshop. When Walter Gropius was the director of Bauhaus it was a production workshop in a small scale. The main product was advertising. When Hannes Mayer became director of Bauhaus everything changed. Joost Schmidt, the head of the workshop, developed the advertising, but in three-dimensional forms where quality of a graphic design was more important. Meanwhile in De Stijl and constructivism the art was more important than quality. When Schmidt dream became true, to create o professional printing and advertising workshop, everything changed again, new director, Mies van den Rohe, it was again only the teaching workshop and the result was that this workshop was closed before whole Bauhaus was closed. When Bayer became a head of the workshop, he gave it a new purpose by introducing the subject of advertising. The new teaching timetable of 1926 contained a summary of the content of its classes: the methods and construction of advertising and their effective application were to be investigated and, in future planning, standardization and advertising psychology were to be studied. In 1925, this workshop became a obligatory part of preliminary course and the Bauhaus was distinguished from other graphic schools that tried to train student to be a specialist in advertising. In first semester the students supposed to take undertake practical work after that it was combination of theoretical and practical. They studied the differentiation of advertising media and the most important was studying how to use photography and film in advertising. In forth semester they studied the structure and drafting of advertising plans. They had to focus on German industrial format and what was the most important for them, was the catch of the viewers eye. Bayer focused on design of advertising, rather than the placement, meanwhile when Joost Schmidt was head of printing and advertising workshop, he focused on visual rules of design. At the beginning the students had to experiment with geometric forms but it was almost forbidden to use free forms. For him, it was unsuitable to use collages, typeface exercises and photographs but the abstract form was the most important for advertising. Schmidt created a new kinetic model for exhibition according to Moholy-Nagy work. Meanwhile, students got the technique skills for advertising in typesetting and printing. A new workshop for photography directed by Peterhans was opened in 1929, but till that time Schmidt tried to teach students perspective drawing and painting. Between 1928 and 1930 they produced several exhibitions, for example in Berlin and Linz. But their financial situation went wrong and also Mies van der Rohe was very critically to Schmidt workshop so for the next exhibition he wanted to show his doubts about Schmidt. What was even worse was the fact that even the photography students had to distance from Schmidt teaching methods. Following year he was under big pressure and finally in 1932 he collapsed. Typography in Bauhaus In the first year of existence of Bauhaus school in Weimar, typography was not very well developed. There were just two calligraphers at school, Johannes Itten and Lothar Schreyer but for them, it was just expression of artistic meaning and at the beginning practical field of application was missing there. Development of typography started in 1923, when school poster with unique typeset and design was made. Year after that, it was changed to school emblem. The original one, that looked like masons mart, a spread-eagled figure carrying aloft a pyramid, was replaced by the new one designed by Oskar Schlemmer that looked like geometric profile of a head, which could be very simply reproduced. The typical characters for Bauhaus typography were rules and sans serif types, that somehow became a stereotype, but accepting the stereotype was the part of radical reform. In 1921 the Bauhaus master Johannes Itten tried to make reform, where he combine black letter (Fraktur) with heavy Victorian types, where we can see the combination of printers ornaments, dots and squares. He set up one of the first Bauhaus characteristics, which was geometrical feature of the page. The next step for Bauhaus typography was to solve the problems with German alphabet that was quite old according to the new machine age. They decided to write all nouns in German starting with capital letter. A footnote, which appeared on the Bauhaus letterhead designed by Herbert Bayer in 1925, stated the schools attitude uncompromisingly: Towards a simplified way of writing This is the way recommended by reforms of lettering as our future letterform, cf. the book sprache und schrift (speech and letterform) by dr. porstmann, union of German engineers publishers, Berlin 1920. In restricting ourselves to lower-case letters our type loses nothing, but becomes more easily read, more easily learned, substantially more economic Why is there for one sound, for example a, two signs A and a? one sound, one sign, why two alphabets for one word, why double the number of signs, when half would achieve the same? The main character for Bauhaus typography was geometrical base that was base for functionalism. At the Bauhaus, Josef Alberts and Joost Schmidt made a lot of alphabets, but it was Bayer, who was the main typographer there. His well known typeface Universal (1926) consisted of circles and straight lines of a constant thickness on a grid squares. They used upper and lower case, but they never combined them and they always combined them with vibrant colours. But situation has radically changed when Là ¡szlà ³ Moholy-Nagy entered the school in 1923. He introduced the ideas of New Typography. What he wanted, basically, was that the typography had to be communication medium and message should be clear. Since 1923 his influence was visible on advertising campaign for Bauhaus and after that when the Bauhaus moved to Dessau, he became co-editor of Bauhaus typography, where the Bayer was director of printing and advertising workshop. The typical characteristic of that period was that bold sans serif was used for heading and subheading for single words to interrupt the flow of lines. This innovation was technically complicated in metal type. From that time, the typography was very closely connected with corporate identity of school. It was clear, that type prints, the articulation and accentuation of pages through distinct symbols or typographic elements highlighted in colour, and finally direct information in a combination of text and photography were the main characteristics for Bauhaus typography. Herbert Bayer also designed letters that appeared on Bauhaus building in Dessau. He was responsible for all printing material for Bauhaus. Because the workshop was limited to narrow sans-serifs fonts some of them became very similar. He used vertical and horizontal rules and printed it on red and black and this became another stereotype of the Bauhaus. But it was very common for many avant-gardes. His most ambitious work was poster designed for Kandinsky sixteens birthday exhibition. It was printed on orange paper and again he printed it red and black and you can see strong rectangularity. Bauhaus, De Stijl and Vkhutemas Main characteristics of Bauhaus: The main colours that they used are blue, yellow and red and the characteristic shapes were triangle, square and circle. One of the most characteristic features for the Bauhaus was simplicity. The design was very simple in lines and shapes. They used straight lines or gentle, smooth curves. They werent afraid to use shapes. It wasnt so strict as in De Stijl. We can also see repetition of certain layers. They also used a row of identical cylinders of two, three corners that were out from the others to produce very simple but strong effect. Next strong feature was quality. The products they made were light and airy. They used new materials such as steel, aluminium, plastics and glass. Tables and chairs are another strong feature. Often they were focused on design some small pieces where they used materials such as plastics, class, chrome and other metals that could somehow highlight the materials themselves. The materials had to be cleaned by water easily and quick. We should also unde rstand the difference between the functionalism of Craftsman and Bauhaus design. The other typical feature was the Bauhaus material wasnt handcrafted pieces but it was made in mass production. They had to have the industrial look. Main characteristics of De Stijl: Same as in the Bauhaus the main colours for De Stijl were red, yellow and blue and supporting colours we can say that were black, white and grey. Every colour had some meaning for example the yellow meant expansive and vertical. On the other hand the blue one was opposite, soft, retiring and horizontal. The meaning of red was expressed the radiating movement of the life. Combining all three colours you will have green. But for example Analysis of the UK Confectionery Industry: Thorntons Analysis of the UK Confectionery Industry: Thorntons Confectionery Industry In The UK Contributes A Major Amount Of Revenue To The Countrys Economy Chapter 1: Introduction Confectionery industry in the UK contributes a major amount of revenue to the countrys economy. Repeated case studies have revealed that the confectionery industry is ever growing and the demand for creativity and innovation in the products in increasingly demanded by the consumers in the UK market. Alongside, the growth in the confectionery industry has also resulted in the stiff competition among the players in the market with many global competitors like Cadbury and Nestle. The growth of more focused and niche market targeting companies have also grown tremendously in the UK, which includes companies like Thorntons, Ferroro UK ltd, etc. The stiff competition in the market and the increased penetration of the big players into various market segments has further disturbed the position of companies like Thorntons. This report is focused on the analysis of the marketing strategies for Thorntons Plc and provides valuable suggestions for future expansion and strategies to gain competiti ve advantage in the UK chocolate market. The report aims to achieve the following objectives To effectively segment the target market for Thorntons and identify those segment(s) here the company can effectively develop its business. To identify the importance of buyer behaviour and establish that the effective deployment of buyer behaviour would help the company understand its target market in detail so as to gain market share. Provide recommendation for an appropriate short-term promotional campaign in the UK for increasing the awareness on the companys products in the target market. Devise a sales or promotion campaign for the company in order to increase its sales through focusing on establishing the brand of Thorntons in the market as a strong competitor. Present a critical analysis of the advertising strategy mentioned in the case study for Thorntons and device a new advertising strategy that would include a creative media based plan in order to increase the awareness among the customers in the target market Also device a critical structure for the direct marketing plans in order to reach the over 50 years segment of customers in the UK market. Chapter Overview Chapter 1: Introduction This is the current chapter that introduces the reader to the objectives of the report and the flow of the report text. Chapter 2: Market Segmentation and buyer behaviour This chapter first presents an analysis on the market segmentation and identifies those segments that the company should target upon for further market expansion. This is then followed by the overview of the buyer behaviour and the use of buyer behaviour by the company in order to gain competitive advantage in its target market. Chapter 3: Advertising and Promotion This chapter first presents a discussion on a short-term promotional campaign for the company in order to increase the awareness of the products in the existing target market. This is then followed by a detailed overview of the advertising plan incorporating creative plans in the media based advertising in order to promote the products of the company. This is then followed by a critical analysis on the direct marketing strategy for over 50 years segment of customers in the UK in order to effectively reach that segment of the market so as to increase the sales as well as the market share. Chapter 4: Conclusion The objectives of the chapter are reviewed against the research and analysis conducted in the previous chapters and then a conclusion is derived based on the results of the analysis. Chapter 2: Market Segmentation and Buyer Behaviour 2.1: Market Segmentation From the case study of the company it is evident that the major segments in the Chocolate market include Count lines Moulded Bars Boxed Chocolates Seasonal Products and Bagged Self lines It is also evident that the company under debate i.e. Thorntons Plc specialize in the manufacture and sale of Boxed continental chocolates in the UK and global market. Hence the market segment that the company primarily operates is under the sub sector of the Boxed chocolates in the Chocolates industry of the UK. A further segmentation of the Boxed Chocolates market in the UK based on the price and quality is presented below

Essay --

3.1 Introduction A research is an investigation to discover new knowledge by collecting numerous information on the certain ideas or theories. The research methodology is the ways to solve the research problem systematically by using various steps. 3.2 Research Method The researcher has used the quantitative method for this research. The quantitative method is a method to collect various numerical data by using mathematically methods. The purpose of using quantitative method is to measure various perspective and opinions in a chosen sample. 3.3 Data Collection Method The data collection is involved in collecting as much information as possible for the research topic by relying on the desk study and the field study. The field study is collected as a primary data while the desk study are collected as a secondary data. 3.3.1 Field Study The researcher has used the survey method to measure the characteristics and the opinion of the populations as well as observing the behaviour of certain people. The survey method is a technique used to gather information from the people by using the questionnaires. 3.3.2 Desk Study The desk study is the reviews of the research information available before the field study had taken place. The data from the desk study are collected from the journals, newspapers, Utar library and Malaysia government official website of Economic Planning Unit. 3.4 Research Design The quantitative method gives an emphasis on the measurement of objective and the numerical data analysis collected through the questionnaires. The questionnaires for this research have been given to the degree graduates of built environment professional in West Malaysia area. 3.4.1 Survey Questionnaire A questionnaire ... ...the method of the probability sample, each element of the population has non-zero chance of being selected for the sample. On the other hand, non-probability sampling is the method that we do not know chances for the each element of the population to be selected. The convenience sampling has been chosen from the non-probability sampling method for this research. The convenience sampling can also be known as haphazard sampling. The researcher has selected this method for the research because it is convenience and easy to be used. The convenience sample is used any participant available for the research. 3.5.2 Instrument of Data Collection The researcher has used iPhone 4 mobile phone with 5 megapixels camera as a tool to take the pictures for the research. The reason is because iPhone 4 mobile phone is easy to carry around whenever the researcher need it.

Coming home Essay

12 November 2009, 7:40 am. The sky was clear, the mighty sun replaced the morning dew with its radiant illuminating rays. Daud woke to the routine call to prayer, he rubbed his blurry eyes and looked around him, exhaled and rubbed his eyes again as if trying to wake up to the smell of his mother’s cooking instead he is still haunted by his Kalashnikov in front of him. He jumped out of his hammock and strapped on his weapon on his shoulders and walked to location he was instructed last night. He climbed hills and disfigured rocks with his torn, worn out sandal effortlessly even the weight of his enormous weapon did not burden him. Daud came across a small tea stall where a group of old bearded ‘holy’ men sat counting beads on a line of string with their fingers and sipping tea. One man looked at Daud, grinned and proudly said â€Å"Asalam wa’aliekum†. Asalam wa’aliekum? Peace be upon you? What peace did they speak of? These men were clearly brainwashed and blind toward humanity. Daud bit his tongue and nodded reluctantly. He finally climbed the last hill for the rendezvous and saw his fellow young ‘mujahedeens’ loading their guns and filling a number of pickup trucks with ammunition and explosives. It looked like their going for yet another killing rampage. Just another day; kill or be killed. Daud Karzai’s parents and home was snatched from him at the young age of 11 when the Taliban stormed the northern region of Banu near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The Taliban took control and scavenged Dauds village, they captured all those who opposed them and burned down the houses leaving nothing but ashes and memory behind. They, one-by-one, executed the men who did not share their fanatic mission of spreading strict sharia law. Daud’s mother was left a widow that day. His father had collapsed lifelessly on the hard ground soaked in his own blood. His mother left to stare motionlessly at his body is if it were an abyss. Daud was tied and placed on one of the Taliban pick-up trucks in such a position that he could see the traumatizing expression of his mother. Completely petrified, Daud could not even utter simple words rather move. The Taliban satisfied their amusement and drove off with Daud on the trunk seeing his life change in a matter minutes. His eyes consistently staring at the aftermath and especially his mother who lifted her eyes towards Daud with the utmost effort, as if life had been sucked out of her. They both look into each other’s eyes trying to make sense of what just happened, millions of questions buzzing in their minds ‘what now? ’, ‘will we ever see each other again? ’ ‘Why us? ’, ‘is God punishing us? ’ And just like that Dauds life changed. The trucks at the rendezvous point were almost ready it was just a matter of time before they leave. Daud saw one of his fellow soldier, Jeddah, sit next to a small lake away from the group and went to sit with him. â€Å"Salaam, are you alright? † Daud asked. Jeddah turned his head, looked at him dead in the eye and regarded him with frustration. â€Å"Sorry† realising how stupid his question was. They sat there for a while gazing the clear water. Jeddah sighed and finally broke the silence â€Å"If†¦if you had a chance, what would you wanna be when you grow up? † He asked, looking straight as if talking to himself. â€Å"Umm†¦well I never thought about it but a pilot I guess †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. What about you? † â€Å".. I loved my family especially my grandfather, he was my everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦he suffered a stroke a few years ago and passed away†¦.. they all passed away†¦. , they said he could survive if we could afford a doctor†¦ †¦.. I vowed to be a doctor after that day so I can try to stop people from dying †¦ I wanted to lessen grieving and bring happiness to people†¦.. Hahaha ironic isn’t it? I’m sitting here saying I want to be a life saver yet I kill innocent woman and children for no good reason† He forced a smile on his face and looked at the lake vaguely. As he did a tear sparkled down his cheek, trying to restrain from himself from breaking down he exhaled with the relief of expressing his emotions. No one wanted this life, they were forced to take the lives of innocent men and woman every day for no good reason. They could have been kicking a footballs instead they held guns for the same men who killed their families. Our group leader gave a loud roar, signalling us to gather at the rendezvous point and depart for their â€Å"holy† mission. The leader of Dauds group was known as â€Å"mullah†, a man who has learned and preaches Islamic law, he was a broad, tall man with a dark beard reaching his collarbone. He wore typical Afghani attire but with an armed vest, which handled grenades, a machete and a pistol, not to mention he had an ak-47 strapped on his shoulder as well. His turban was black and covered his ears , dangling from the back of his turban was a green torn scarf which he occasionally covered his nose and mouth with to conceal his identity. His voice was deep and demanding, perfect for a man with authority. He commanded us to be seated and the drivers to drive. There were three pick-ups, seven men sat in each pick-up, five in the car itself and two on the trunk armed and ready. We were heading for a commercial area known as ‘Zamaza’ where we were hinted that U. S troops made camp. Everyone in the pick-ups was aware that this day could be their last including Daud and Jeddah yet everyone was calm and ready to face death as if they were destined to. But could death be the destiny of an 11 year old boy who was been hide away from the world and surrounded by only acts of violence and turmoil. Which raises the question in Dauds mind â€Å"what is my purpose in life? † â€Å"Is this what I was born to do? â€Å". The camp was not far now. Zamaza was home to many businesses which revolved around international affairs including aid and funds from U. S and the Pakistani government. It was surrounded by trade routes stretching to Pakistan and Kabul. Daud and Jeddah sat on the trunk and watched out for any signs of ambush or potential assaults. The elder mujahedeen’s sat in the back seat and talked to each other along the way, unaware that Daud and Jeddah could easily hear them. One of the men sparked the conversation regarding a rescue camp near the border where homeless woman and children were cared for and protected by the Pakistani government. Daud senses heightened, he could not resist eavesdropping on their conversation. â€Å"Could my mother be there? He whispered to himself. His thoughts were sharply interrupted with a thunderous blast. The truck behind Dauds was completely obliterated any remains was enveloped in flames. The battle had started. The Americans had launched a missile from one of the Zamaza buildings. Mullah ordered us to engage back and fire at the buildings not considering any innocent men and woman there. Rapid cross-firing continued till our trucks had reached the mouth of the area. The Taliban’s firing had pushed back the Americans allowing the mujahedeen’s to rush and take cover behind the buildings. The opposition had placed barracks and snipers throughout the main road. Only a fool would expose himself openly. The area layout was very simple, the main road divided the area in half, the east wing was were the Taliban had taken cover while the west wing was the oppositions. Mullah’s plan and orders were as senseless as his mind, kill everyone and take control of this land. Daud and Jeddah firmly held on to their guns and took cover behind a bank. Bullets pierced through the walls, rumble flew everywhere, and innocent cries echoed within the alleys. Mullah and the others moved from building to building in order to get as close to the Americans as possible. Daud and Jeddah sat still till the building next to them was blasted with grenades the aftermath blocked all directions except one the west wing. They had to move. Duad and Jeddah run through the alleys in effort to find a way out of the area. They crawled under large destroyed concrete surfaces to catch their breaths. The bullets flew in all direction and they knew the concrete cannot hold them for long. Daud peeked from a gap created from the bullets, a U.S soldier was crouched beside a building and aiming in the direction opposite of them. Daud watched as the soldier calmly inhaled and exhaled enhancing his accuracy. Dauds eyes followed where he pointed his rifle, in the distance Mullah sat reloading his gun behind a wall. The soldier fired and in an instant Mullahs blood splashed across the wall. Watching someone Die was a traumatising experience but Mullahs death gave Daud liberation, a feeling which was snatched from him. Jeddah heard the gunshot and instantly reacted he pointed his gun at the soldier, he hesitated but eventually he pulled the trigger. His gun gave a loud click. He had no ammo. The soldier reacted to the click and instantly turned back and pointed his gun at Jeddah, who lay their petrified, impetuously Daud pointed his gun at the soldier and fired in effort to kill him before he kills Jeddah. Daud was too late. The bullet pierced through Jeddah’s head spilling out blood and exposing his skull. Daud had seen death before but not inches away from him he saw how instantly life is taken away in a matter of seconds. Jeddah’s eyes were wide open and stared motionlessly at the sky. Daud gently pushed his eye lids down and glared at his blood stained weapon and realised death would be his inevitable fate if he continued to stay here. Hardly audible, Daud hears a loud siren, he focuses on the sound. It was a steam train. Determined to escape, Daud follows the sound of the train. Dashing through small rumbles and alleys, the volume of the siren increases. He reaches a dead end wall but behind it he was certain he would find the tracks. He had to react quickly the train was approaching nearer and nearer. He looked around him and found one of the mujahedeen’s body crashed under the rumble. He crawled under the large debris and reached in his vest and retrieved a grenade. Daud pulled the pin and threw the grenade at the wall. The blast created a large hole from which Daud climbed out off. The train was about to cross Zamaza, Daud sprinted to the tracks and stood a position from which he could jump in the cargo coach. Daud looked behind him, the smoke from the numerous grenades covered the Zamaza, cracks of rapid gunfire continued in the distance. The train finally came, Daud jumped successfully onto the cargo coach. He finally escaped. The train was going to Pakistan from a popular trade route which was controlled by the Pakistani army. The journey took several hours but Daud was grateful. He remembered the conversation he had overheard about the relief camp in Pakistan and was certain was mother was there. He reached Pakistan on 13th November. Daud searched the relief camps tirelessly, and there among thousands of separated families he found her. The U. N supplied funds, aids and a home. Daud lived with his mother at the camps for two years. Today he works with UNICEF to rescue and bring hope to child soldiers around the world.

Developing ISO Standard by Hydra Trading LLC

Developing ISO Standard by Hydra Trading LLC Introduction This is an internship development report on Hydra Trading LLC (Hydra), which provides logistic services to the army, but does not have a quality standard for its products, services, procedures, and processes. The report shows all stages involved in developing the company to achieve the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Developing ISO Standard by Hydra Trading LLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It identifies weaknesses of the company, methods used to locate weaknesses, and methods of upgrading these weaknesses in order to improve quality standards within the company. The need for a quality management system is a strategic decision for Hydra, which can facilitate processes and procedures of logistic services and products. The firm must meet various needs, specific objectives, products, and services in its quality management systems (AN SI/ASQ, 2000). This report covers 15 weeks and provides recommendations on how to achieve ISO standard for the company. Hydra Trading is a logistic solution provider to â€Å"the United Arab Emirates (UAE) military, civil defence, government organisations, public, and private Sectors†. Internship Log File Weekly Report Week 1 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations The week of 01/09/2012 Introduction and Identification of logistics challenges in the company Logistics Analyst: Roles include: Evaluate all activities of logistic process Make necessary recommendations for improvement Logistics Manager: Roles are: Providing efficient customer support service Manage people and communicate with team Monitor stock Processing and packaging orders Supply Chain Manager: Roles are: Control all aspects of the supply chain, from start to the end Provide customers with delivery deals and other services Coordinate some elements of purch asing and warehouse Provide administrative duties Identification of key processes (quality management processes for safe delivery of products and services) Resources management Procurement and purchasing design Production Customer relationship management Internal audit systems Management processes Identification of the company challenges Flexibility: since recession, the company suffered financial setbacks, but it has responded with few innovative ideas for growth Sustainability: the green movement present serious challenges to the firm. The company will have to invest in green technology and production to manage its operation for eco-friendly environment Innovation: the company has not adopted mobile technology and other smart gadgets to facilitate transfer of information and reduce costs of running the business Quality: the company strives to save costs but does little to improve quality Capacity shortages: lack of reliable drivers and transporters, which have led to inc rease in costs and delay Product damage: the company transport sensitive and dangerous cargo to the army. In some cases, accidents cause damages to such cargo. Packing should address effects of bumps, shock, and exposure Security: bandits may target the cargo during transportation than any other time. There is a need for adequate security for the army cargo Conclusion: The week’s activities have provided valuable lessons for understanding roles, key processes, and challenges of the company Week 2Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 10/09/2012 Understanding the organisation and the need for introducing the ISO standard in the company Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Aim The army requires the company to supply its cargo persistently and continually in their original conditions Ensure that the firm meets its obligations Objectives for achieving effective delivery and customer satisfaction Continual service improvement Ensuring conformity with the customer’s demands Meeting regulatory and security challenges The company lacks any quality standard guideline, hence, the need to introduce ISO standard Benefits of ISO Increased efficiency: a company that has ISO standards has high-levels of efficiency The processes are simple to follow once introduced. Therefore, training and planning for transition are simple steps Increased revenue: a firm with ISO standard has efficient standards, improved productivity and financial management High morale among employees: the ISO defines roles and responsibilities for all staff members, training, and accountability systems ISO standard provides international recognition to the company ISO standard has ability to gather sufficient data for factual decision-making Impro ved relationship with customer because of ensuring customer’s standards during transportation Documentation of all processes enhances identification of errors and discrepancies within the chain Improve accountability and audit processes for effective decision-making Conclusion The company needs ISO standard in order to enhance operation, performance, and profitability. Week 3 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 17/09/2012 Gap analysis Management responsibilities Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager The need to understand quality management principles The company lacks any ISO standard, thus, will cannot make any comparison Gap analysis helps in identification of challenges and areas for improvement Quality management depends on the management team The top executives must: Define quality policy for the company Define measurable objectives to ensure that quality management strategies are possible Ensure that employees achieve objectives by ensuring that the objectives align with the quality requirements Provide communication channels for the process Conduct quality management reviews in order to determine the impact of quality initiatives in the company Management team must support the process with all required resources for effective implementation Executives must ensure continuous review of the process based on the market pressure and emerging challenges Gap analysis is necessary for understanding challenges and the roles of the management team in promoting quality improvement initiatives in the firm Week 4 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 24/09/2012 Developing the project plan Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Quality improvement initiatives require a plan for effective implementation Reviewing challenges from the first week and outcomes of gap analysis and roles of management team Comm unicating with the team head of departments and managers Define the time frame for the project (12 weeks) The firm must select the type of registrar for its ISO standard Informing the employees of the quality management process Decision on key stakeholders, participants and period for the project after evaluation of the gap analysis findings Arranging for the ISO standard meeting Identification of roles and responsibilities of all participants Ensure that the project has adequate tools and support from all stakeholders Identification of external factors that may have impacts on the project, such as assistance, resources, and other project assistants Defining the project deadline To reduce burden on resources To provide for critical path that guides the project phases Provide realistic estimates of amount of resources and time required to complete the project Conduct meeting for feedback purposes Conclusion The company shall rely on its personal assigned in these departments to facilitate the implementation of the process The firm must implement its quality improvement project based on a written project plan The process of developing a project plan is necessary in order to determine the work flow and resources needed for the project Week 5 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 01/10/2012 Working with the team to develop objectives and implementation plan Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Logistic analyst assistant Logistic manager assistant Supply chain manager assistant Developing objectives for implanting the quality improvement plan is mandatory for the success of the project The objectives must focus on eight core areas of quality management Leadership Focus on customer’s needs Engaging employees Creating a process of quality improvement Continual improvement Decision-making processes based on facts Beneficial relationship with suppliers and other external partners Sys tematic management approach NOTE: the objectives and quality plan must stress: Roles and responsibilities in key areas in the plan Develop objectives based on the prevailing market conditions and customer needs Highlight the need to meet customer’s needs Developing methods of communicating to employees and other assistants, if any Highlighting relationship among all key phases of the project Conclusion: the team and the objectives that focus on eight key areas of quality improvement shall ensure that the project addresses key concerns in the company Week 6 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 08/10/2012 Implementation of the plan: The use of the team approach The team approach has two groups (steering team and task team) The company adopts the new procedure for ISO standard Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Logistic analyst assistant Logistic manager assistant Supply chain manager assistant Th is is a team of six people The team shall lead the quality improvement plan The team’s core roles include meeting to discuss project progress, resolve emerging challenges, review and allocate available resources, and coordinate the design of the new quality management system The team has key people in the company with management and administrative roles in supply chain , logistic, and analysis The choice of the team is strategic for the authority the project requires for decision-making Steering team has the responsibility of leading the project The task team formulates all processes and document requirements for the plan The steering team reviews, monitor, and make changes to proposals of the task team The task team must determine the requirements and procedures for developing quality management systems The task team must evaluate the requirements for improving quality and the current organisational practices The steering team must develop the project period and assign speci fic tasks to the team Task team designs the new approach to allow the company meet ISO standard benchmarks The ISO standard steering team must review the process for approval or modification. After approval, the team introduces the new procedures to employees The company adopts the new system in order to improve quality Conclusion: The team approach is effective because it accounts for effective decision-making, allocation of resources, leadership involvement, collaborative approach, and thorough review of the approved procedures. Hence, it ensures that the project focuses on key objectives of the quality improvement plan Week 7 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 15/10/2013 Implementation (a step-by-step approach) Assign specific dates to all objectives (the project uses Gantt Chart) ISO Steering team: Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Identify members of the team, including senior executives Identify employees who will take specific tasks Determining workload and availability of resources Implementation agenda Inform the team Assignment of tasks to specific employees or as a team Reviewing responsibilities assigned to individuals in order to ensure balance Identification of a task team leader to facilitate the process and promote communication Team leader takes the responsibility for the task Identify adequate resources for the project Identify the need for training or assistance among team members Use Gantt Chart to assign project specific dates The plan relies on information from the planned objectives and Allocate dates based on availability of resources Identify tasks preferred tasks Identify management responsibilities Note the amount of time required for successful completion of the task Conclusion The Gantt chart is necessary for indicating the projects and their milestone. It will allow the team to know projects, which are not on schedule Task Assignments table Task Group Team members Team leader Quality Manual Document Control Control of Quality Records Management Responsibility Competence, Awareness and Training Resources management Procurement Purchasing design Production Customer relationship management Internal audit systems Design, Development, and Management processes Innovation Flexibility Sustainability approaches Project logistics Supply chain management Warehousing and distribution (availability of storage facilities and warehouses) Dangerous chemicals Non-conforming products Corrective actions Preventive actions Data collection and analysis Week 8Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Developing ISO Standard by Hydra Trading LLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 22/10/2012 Train ing ISO standard requires that all employees undergo training in order to understand their functions in relations to quality improvement initiatives All employees in the company Training project managers and team leaders in order to ensure effective implementation of the project Training employees to understand ISO standard and its importance to the company, how it will affect their roles, improve quality, and opportunities the ISO standard provides The team must understand all details of the project in order to perform their duties well Internal auditors need training on ISO standards Training is also necessary in introducing employees in technical areas of the project in order to reduce cases of errors In case of any challenge, the team should perform root cause analysis in order to identify the source of the error Conclusion Training is mandatory for successful implementation of the project because project implementation faces a number of challenges, which may lead to its col lapse All employees in the organisation must understand the importance of ISO standard to the company and support its implementation Week 9 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 29/10/2012 Documentation Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Logistic analyst assistant Logistic manager assistant Supply chain manager assistant Most documentation requirements are general, but the team must identify processes that can support the project Identification of documentation processes Outline an overall view e.g., an entire department Identify specific areas like, supply chain, purchasing, warehousing, distribution, customer service, tracking systems, quality control, receiving, product control, and other services Identify how these process affect one another, a flow diagram may be appropriate for explanation Management in the department should provide details of their operation management. This must contain all pr ocesses that affect logistic services to the military Documentation Requirements It is important to identify documents, which are relevant to the company quality management system Identify processes that require documentation Use guidelines for future identification of documents Management team must take part in this process After the project implementation, documentation and their identification processes must form the new part of quality control in the company Quality manual processes There are ISO standard firms that offer quality manual procedures. They save costs and time Controlling documents and records The company must implement and strict method of controlling all documents and records The steering committee must assign documents to specific team or individual Types of documents to control Define the document e.g., guides, diagrams, illustrations, presentation materials, manuals, and work processes among others The document may include any shared materials, co mmunicated information, correspondences, sharing knowledge, and any document that serves the purpose of quality improvement for the company Document approvals Only approved document are suitable for use. This is to prevent the use of wrong information or limit abuse of information. More than one department or individual may approve a document. Document update Should ensure that only updated version of the document is available for references Create a way of identifying old versions Define what to do with old versions of documents Highlight the date of update, reasons for the update, the person responsible for the update, and function that is relevant to the update Deploy automated system to replace manual management of documents Identification of documents The company must identify its documents The ISO standard requires that a firm should have a way of identifying its documents, which may include numbering, location, and naming of the document among others Employees shoul d know where to find documents or information Removal of documents Any employee who removes a document must state its purpose and the party responsible There must be a document backup Conclusion The ISO standard requires the firm to protect its documents by all methods possible as a way of protecting quality management system Week 10 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 05/10/2012 Use and Continual Improvement Design and development All employees in the company Putting the quality management system into action comes after completing design and documentation All employees must participate in the process by following documented procedures The team must understand what changes have taken place after the implementation of the quality improvement procedures All employees must collect data in their departments about changes in procedures The firm must base its decision on data collected and analysed The process must address: C ustomer’s satisfaction Reduce cases of damaged cargo Reduce customer’s complaints The firm must initiate improvement plan for improvement plants, which failed to achieve the intended objectives Senior managers must initiate the improvement plan The decision should address: Adoption of flexible processes Enhance innovation or upgrade the system Respond to green movements Address customer’s concerns Security challenges This is also task management, which must offer the right tools for improving the system, responsible employees, period, and resources required The roles of senior executives are paramount for the success of this project Every team must get results for a task or sub-task assigned The ISO standard is keen on design and development process because this is where the firm may fail The firm shall adopt a simple method based on identification, implementation, and following the outcomes The method shall eliminate risks and ensure that the project me ets required standards Conclusion Some processes may be new to the firm or have undergone change. Therefore, the firm will find it necessary to improve them Internal audits are necessary during these stages Week 11 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 12/11/2012 Resource management Customer satisfaction and or service All employees The ISO standard recommends that a firm should management all its resources, infrastructure, and workplace, which facilitate achievement of quality improvement standards The company must account for all its resources Both infrastructure and a suitable working environment provide optimal conditions for the realisation of the project objectives The firm must account for all resources and services that support realisation of the project objectives, which include transportation services, communication channels, warehouse and distribution among others Communication with customers Communication with cus tomers is crucial for the company The ISO standard has conditions for communicating with customers The firm must define what information to relay to the customer: Information about services Information regarding enquiries, transportation status, delivery status Information about customer’s complaints about qualities of the delivered products, storage, and security of the cargo during transportation Method of relaying information to the customer The organisation deals with security cargo and confidential information about the army. Therefore, its channels of communication must be secure The firm should provide specific contact person to handle army’s enquiries The firm should determine the appropriate method of handling complaints by providing effective corrective action Conclusion The firm must maintain its resources and provide effective and secure communication channels with army Week 12 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recomm endations 19/11/2013 Control purchasing Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager Procurement department The firm must evaluate and control the purchase system The firm must work with suppliers who can meet its standards and have ability to supply The parameter for a suitable supplier should include the following: Schedule of delivery Meeting customer’s demands Innovation and use of technology to facilitate logistic services Credibility of the firm is necessary because of the nature of cargo under delivery, and the firm should deliver the cargo without challenges The suppliers’ financial strength The firm should be available to transport the cargo where the army needs them e.g., in training camps and warehouses The ISO standards requires the firm to document all purchasing activities The firm must define the purchasing process The process must note all the product characteristics The firm must establish a cargo control quality before making the delivery to the army The management team must have sufficient knowledge or receive training in purchasing control systems There should only approved dealers, transporters, and suppliers for the firm Conclusion The purchasing control system aims to establish and define external relations, legal requirements, standards, and customers’ needs Week 13 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 26/11/2012 Control of Nonconforming Product, Services, and Operation All employees All employees must engage in identification of nonconforming products and services Non-conforming products include Services and products that fail to meet the specified requirements Organisational processes that do not meet the industry practices and regulation requirements The firm must review transportation systems, transportation facilities, security issues, environmental compliance, communication channels, and legal requirements of delivering army cargo The ISO standard requires a firm to identify all non-conforming products and services The aim is to control their usages, transportation to customers, and or mixing with other services and products The processes of identifying all non-conforming services and products require documentation The process must include methods and people responsible for identification of non-conforming products and services The method must provide a clear process of handling any detected non-conforming products and services The firm cannot ignore the procedure because it is a mandatory process in establishing an ISO standard The firm must identify people who must be responsible for the identification of non-conforming products and services The responsible team must review all stages of identifying non-conforming products or services The process is a part quality management procedures, which a firm must document in its list of controlled procedures The firm must identify the necessary action for non -conforming services and products such as: Elimination of such products and services Notifying the customers about changes Notify all relevant bodies both internal and external parties Implement corrective measures Conclusion The firm must eliminate all non-conforming services and product because such services and products reduce quality standards All services and products must meet regulatory requirements, customer’s specifications, and intended outcomes Week 14 Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 03/12/2013 Internal audit Logistic analyst Logistic manager Supply chain manager The firm must assess effectiveness, conformity and locate opportunities for improving its quality improvement project It will help the firm to prepare for the subsequent external audit The firm must compare all processes against requirements of the ISO standard The firm must establish an internal audit team to conduct the audit requirement s An internal audit must establish the effectiveness of the new system Internal audit is necessary as a way of preparing for Registration Audit The firm must conduct an internal audit two months prior to the Registration Audit An internal audit must be within the time frame in order to conform to ISO standards and meet the company’s quality improvement standards Qualities of the internal audit team Honesty, credibility, and integrity as part of the ethics requirement Diplomatic Decisive Independent Open-minded Versatile The audit program must account for the following Quality standards for services and products of the firm Account for ISO standard benchmarks Evaluate processes and procedures of the company logistic services and products The audit must review whether the firm has achieved its quality needs Audit findings Show departments audited Employees who participated in the audit Reference to previous audit results, if any Presentation of audit findings based on the evidences Audit recommendations All non-conforming processes, procedures, products, and services The audit is necessary to improve the quality management system Week 15Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Date Activity Who Discussion of the results, conclusions, and recommendations 10/12/2012 Ready for ISO registration All employees The firm must identify a registrar This is a long-term relationship (three years) The aim is to review the firm’s quality management system against the ISO standards The company must prepare all employees for the registration audit Employees must the date of the audit and its purpose The process aims at preparing employees for the audit processes The auditor looks for signs of compliance among employees Employees should be familiar with the quality management processes and procedures Preparing facilities for audit All facilities must be neat and void of any non-conformity Every facility must have its supporting document All documents, materials, and any other facilities must be in the right place Preparing for the registration auditor The firm must provide a copy of the quality management system to the auditor The team must ha ve an area in which it will evaluate the findings Conclusion The firm is ready for the audit registration Reference ANSI/ASQ. (2000). ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000-2000 Quality Management Systems: Fundamentals and Vocabulary. Milwaukee: American Society for Quality.